Psychosocial Experiences of Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Abstract

Objective: Globally, the prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) among adolescents is increasing. While T2D is known to bring physical health challenges, less is known about adolescents' psychosocial experiences of T2D. We aimed to identify and synthesize existing qualitative research about adolescents' psychosocial experiences of T2D to inform healthcare recommendations.

Method: Guided by PRISMA and JBI guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-synthesis using a meta-aggregative approach. We searched five electronic databases to identify qualitative or mixed-methods primary studies examining adolescents' psychosocial experiences of T2D, published in English, in a peer-reviewed journal from database inception to August 2024.

Results: Eight studies were included, with findings aggregated into two synthesized findings related to the diagnosis of T2D and living with T2D. At diagnosis, adolescents had limited knowledge of T2D, often obtained via observing family members with T2D and desired further education. Adolescents also described a range of negative emotions, some of which influenced disclosure of their diagnosis. In living with T2D, adolescents contended with psychosocial challenges, with some viewing T2D as a burden and others as an opportunity for positive self-care and lifestyle changes. Adolescents described challenges with health behaviour changes and medical management. Social support was noted to be important.

Conclusions: Adolescents with T2D have limited knowledge about the condition and desire greater education. They experience a range of emotions and challenges with T2D management and benefit from support. Based on our findings, we propose recommendations that may optimize adolescents' physical, psychological and social wellbeing.