The carbon isotope ratio of alanine is a biomarker of added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intakes: a pooled analysis of four studies.

IF 6.9 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.09.049

Jessica J Johnson, Sambit Ghosh, Pamela A Shaw, Marian L Neuhouser, Johanna W Lampe, Lesley F Tinker, Ross L Prentice, Natasha Tasevska, Laurence S Freedman, Bert B Boyer, Scarlett E Hopkins, Sarah H Nash, Susanne B Votruba, Jonathan Krakoff, Diane M O'Brien

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The alanine carbon isotope ratio (Ala CIR) biomarker was positively associated with added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in multiple studies from the USA. Association strengths varied, and Ala CIR was also correlated with protein source in certain studies.

Objective: To examine Ala CIR associations with AS and SSB intake and animal protein ratio (animal protein/total protein, APR), and adjustment for APR, by pooling data from 4 previous studies.

Methods: We pooled diet and biomarker data from 4 studies (n=346). These included a cross-sectional study of Yup'ik Alaska Native adults (n=62), a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding study in men (n=32), a 2-wk habitual intake controlled feeding study in postmenopausal women (n=153), and a 15-d habitual intake controlled feeding study of adults (n=99). We estimated correlations between amino acid CIRs and diet, and performed multivariable regression of Ala CIR on standardized intake variables to determine simultaneous associations with AS (g/d) or SSBs (servings/d) and APR. We included study by intake interactions to allow for heterogeneity among studies. We then ran models where leucine (Leu) CIR was included to adjust for APR.

Results: There were positive correlations (95% CIs) between Ala CIR and AS intake [r=0.54 (0.46, 0.61)], log-SSB intake [r=0.63 (0.56, 0.69)], and APR [r=0.32 (0.22, 0.41)]. Study-specific slopes for the relationship between Ala CIR and AS or SSB intake were similar in models with and without adjustment for APR. Across studies, slopes ranged from 0.34 (0.08, 0.61) to 1.75 (1.29, 2.20) for AS intake in models with APR and from 0.35 (0.01, 0.68) to 1.11 (0.81, 1.40) for SSB intake in models with APR. Replacing APR with Leu CIR resulted in similar slopes between Ala CIR and AS/SSB intake.

Conclusions: The Ala CIR is a robust biomarker of AS/SSB intake. Potential associations with APR can be adjusted for using a simultaneously-measured biomarker.

Clinical trial registry number: (DBD study) clinicaltrials.gov/NCT01237093; (NPAAS) clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00000611.

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丙氨酸的碳同位素比率是添加糖和含糖饮料摄入量的生物标志物：一项对四项研究的汇总分析。

背景：在美国的多项研究中，丙氨酸碳同位素比值（Ala CIR）生物标志物与添加糖（AS）和含糖饮料（SSB）摄入量呈正相关。关联强度各不相同，在某些研究中，Ala CIR也与蛋白质来源相关。目的：通过汇总先前4项研究的数据，探讨Ala CIR与AS和SSB摄入量、动物蛋白比（动物蛋白/总蛋白，APR）以及APR调整的关系。方法：我们汇总了4项研究（n=346）的饮食和生物标志物数据。其中包括一项针对阿拉斯加原住民成人的横断面研究（n=62），一项针对男性的12周随机对照喂养研究（n=32），一项针对绝经后妇女的2周习惯性摄入控制喂养研究（n=153），以及一项针对成人的15天习惯性摄入控制喂养研究（n=99）。我们估计了氨基酸CIR与饮食之间的相关性，并对标准化摄入变量进行了Ala CIR的多变量回归，以确定与AS （g/d）或SSBs（份数/d）和apr的同时关联。我们通过摄入相互作用纳入研究，以允许研究之间的异质性。结果：Ala CIR与AS摄入量[r=0.54(0.46, 0.61)]、log-SSB摄入量[r=0.63(0.56, 0.69)]和APR [r=0.32(0.22, 0.41)]呈正相关（95% CIs）。在有和没有调整APR的模型中，Ala CIR与AS或SSB摄入量之间关系的研究特定斜率相似。在所有研究中，在APR模型中，AS摄入量的斜率从0.34（0.08,0.61）到1.75（1.29,2.20）不等，在APR模型中，SSB摄入量的斜率从0.35（0.01,0.68）到1.11（0.81,1.40）不等。用Leu CIR代替APR导致Ala CIR与AS/SSB摄入量之间的斜率相似。结论：Ala CIR是AS/SSB摄入量的可靠生物标志物。可以通过使用同时测量的生物标志物来调整与APR的潜在关联。临床试验注册号：（DBD研究）clinicaltrials.gov/NCT01237093；(NPAAS) clinicaltrials.gov / NCT00000611。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

12.40

自引率

4.20%

发文量

332

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is recognized as the most highly rated peer-reviewed, primary research journal in nutrition and dietetics.It focuses on publishing the latest research on various topics in nutrition, including but not limited to obesity, vitamins and minerals, nutrition and disease, and energy metabolism. Purpose: The purpose of AJCN is to: Publish original research studies relevant to human and clinical nutrition. Consider well-controlled clinical studies describing scientific mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of dietary interventions in the context of disease prevention or health benefits. Encourage public health and epidemiologic studies relevant to human nutrition. Promote innovative investigations of nutritional questions employing epigenetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. Include solicited editorials, book reviews, solicited or unsolicited review articles, invited controversy position papers, and letters to the Editor related to prior AJCN articles. Peer Review Process: All submitted material with scientific content undergoes peer review by the Editors or their designees before acceptance for publication.