Clinical and Cephalometric Correlation between Mouth-breathing and Nasal-breathing Children.

Q3 Dentistry
Priyanka Balakrishnan, Daya Srinivasan, Ar Eagappan Senthil, Krithika Priyadharshini Arunagiri, Shashank Kannan, Cyril Benedict
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing encompasses conditions from upper airway resistance syndrome to obstructive sleep apnea. Mouth-breathing in children causes severe dentoalveolar deformities. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy exacerbates mouth-breathing, greatly influencing dentofacial development. Early detection of mouth-breathing habit is crucial to prevent the development of malocclusion. Mouth-breathing also alters the salivary pH of the saliva and has an impact on gingival health.

Aim: The study aims to compare and correlate the clinical and cephalometric parameters between nasal-breathing children (NBC) and mouth-breathing children (MBC) among the age-group of 6-12 years.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the clinical and cephalometric variables between NBC and MBC among the age-group of 6-12 years who reported to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry with the chief complaint of malocclusion. Sixty-six children were assessed for the breathing pattern and categorized into NBC and MBC based on the clinical history and assessment test. After initial screening and examination, the children were referred to the Department of ENT for otolaryngology assessment. Both the groups were assessed for clinical parameters such as malocclusion, salivary pH, tonsillar hypertrophy, and gingival inflammation. Lateral cephalometric assessment was done for both the groups and all the values were tabulated. All the data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.

Results: MBC exhibited narrower dental arches (intermolar width: p < 0.001, intercanine width: p < 0.035), increased mouth opening (p = 0.001), and higher tonsillar hypertrophy grades (p < 0.05). Class II molar occlusion was more common among MBC compared to NBC (p = 0.002). MBC (mean = 6.68) also had a reduced salivary pH compared to NBC (mean = 6.36). The maximal mouth opening was also reduced among MBC (p = 0.001). Cephalometrically, MBC displayed a stronger tendency towards skeletal class II occlusion [FMA (p = 0.001)] compared to NBC.

Conclusion: MBC show increased prevalence of malocclusion, tonsillar hypertrophy, gingival inflammation, and decreased saliva pH, impacting dentofacial development, which needs early intervention.

How to cite this article: Balakrishnan P, Srinivasan D, Senthil ARE et al. Clinical and Cephalometric Correlation between Mouth-breathing and Nasal-breathing Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(5):514-521.

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口呼吸与鼻呼吸患儿的临床与头测量相关性。
儿科睡眠呼吸障碍包括从上呼吸道阻力综合征到阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的条件。儿童用嘴呼吸会导致严重的牙槽畸形。腺扁桃体肥大加重口腔呼吸,严重影响牙面发育。早期发现口腔呼吸习惯对预防错牙合的发展至关重要。用嘴呼吸也会改变唾液的pH值,对牙龈健康有影响。目的:比较6 ~ 12岁鼻腔呼吸儿童(NBC)和口腔呼吸儿童(MBC)的临床和头侧测量参数。材料与方法:采用横断面研究方法,分析以错牙合为主因到儿科和预防牙科科就诊的6-12岁年龄组儿童的NBC和MBC的临床和颅面测量变量。对66例患儿进行呼吸方式评估,并根据临床病史和评估试验将其分为NBC和MBC两组。经过初步筛查和检查后,儿童被转到耳鼻喉科进行耳鼻喉科评估。评估两组患者的临床参数,如牙合错、唾液pH值、扁桃体肥大和牙龈炎症。两组均进行侧位测量评估,并将所有值制成表格。所有数据均采用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)第20版软件进行统计分析。结果:MBC牙弓变窄(磨牙间宽度p < 0.001,犬牙间宽度p < 0.035),张口增大(p = 0.001),扁桃体肥大程度增高(p < 0.05)。与NBC相比,MBC中II类磨牙咬合发生率更高(p = 0.002)。MBC(平均= 6.68)与NBC(平均= 6.36)相比,唾液pH值也降低了。MBC患者的最大开口也减少(p = 0.001)。头颅测量显示,与NBC相比,MBC表现出更强的骨骼II类闭塞倾向[FMA (p = 0.001)]。结论:MBC表现出错牙合、扁桃体肥大、牙龈炎症、唾液pH值降低的患病率增加,影响牙面发育,需要早期干预。如何引用本文:Balakrishnan P, Srinivasan D, Senthil ARE等人。口呼吸与鼻呼吸患儿的临床与头测量相关性。中华临床儿科杂志,2015;18(5):514-521。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
135
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