Mechanical exfoliation of coconut husk into bio-based graphene for sustainable drilling mud: a Taguchi–GRA Study

IF 5.8 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Carbon Letters Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI:10.1007/s42823-025-00938-y

Muhammad Taqi-uddeen Safian, Bothi Raja Pandian, Nur Ezzah Abdul Kahar, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim

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Abstract

This study investigates the sustainable synthesis of biobased graphene (BG) derived from coconut husk waste and its application in eco-friendly water-based drilling muds (WBM). The BG was prepared through thermal exfoliation of lignin and utilized as a fluid loss additive, while benzimidazole (BI) was incorporated to serve as a corrosion inhibitor. To optimize performance, the Taguchi method was combined with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), targeting three key parameters: viscosity, fluid loss, and corrosion resistance. Structural characterization revealed that BG synthesized at 1000 °C exhibited improved graphitic ordering, with an average flake diameter of around 20 nm and an interlayer spacing (d-spacing) of 3.49 Å. In terms of performance, incorporating 0.5 wt% BG reduced fluid loss by 50%, while 5 wt% BI delivered an impressive corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.9%. The optimal mud formulation was achieved using 0.5 wt% BG, 5 wt% BI, 60 min of mixing time, and 8 wt% bentonite. Altogether, this work highlights a sustainable pathway for drilling fluid formulation by valorizing agricultural waste and minimizing additive loadings—without compromising on performance or environmental compatibility.

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椰壳机械剥落成生物基石墨烯用于可持续钻井泥浆：Taguchi-GRA研究

本研究研究了从椰子壳废料中提取的生物基石墨烯（BG）的可持续合成及其在环保型水基钻井泥浆（WBM）中的应用。通过木质素的热剥离制备BG，并将其用作降滤失剂，同时加入苯并咪唑（BI）作为缓蚀剂。为了优化性能，将Taguchi方法与灰色关联分析（GRA）相结合，针对三个关键参数：粘度、滤失和耐腐蚀性。结构表征表明，在1000℃下合成的BG具有更好的石墨有序性，平均薄片直径约为20 nm，层间间距（d-spacing）为3.49 Å。在性能方面，加入0.5 wt%的BG可以减少50%的失水，而加入5 wt%的BI则可以达到96.9%的缓蚀效率。最佳泥浆配方为0.5 wt% BG, 5 wt% BI， 60 min混合时间，8 wt%膨润土。总而言之，这项工作强调了一种可持续的钻井液配方途径，即在不影响性能或环境相容性的情况下，对农业废弃物进行增值，并将添加剂负荷降至最低。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Carbon Letters CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

20.00%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： Carbon Letters aims to be a comprehensive journal with complete coverage of carbon materials and carbon-rich molecules. These materials range from, but are not limited to, diamond and graphite through chars, semicokes, mesophase substances, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, carbon blacks, activated carbons, pyrolytic carbons, glass-like carbons, etc. Papers on the secondary production of new carbon and composite materials from the above mentioned various carbons are within the scope of the journal. Papers on organic substances, including coals, will be considered only if the research has close relation to the resulting carbon materials. Carbon Letters also seeks to keep abreast of new developments in their specialist fields and to unite in finding alternative energy solutions to current issues such as the greenhouse effect and the depletion of the ozone layer. The renewable energy basics, energy storage and conversion, solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy, hydrogen production technology, and other clean energy technologies are also within the scope of the journal. Carbon Letters invites original reports of fundamental research in all branches of the theory and practice of carbon science and technology.