Phthalocyanine-based metal-/covalent organic frameworks and their photo/electrochemical applications

Abstract

Phthalocyanine (Pc)-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising materials for photo- and electrochemical applications. These hybrid materials integrate the exceptional electronic and catalytic properties of Pcs with the ordered frameworks of MOFs and COFs, offering enhanced charge transport and redox activity. This review highlights recent developments in the design and application of Pc-integrated MOFs and COFs for photo/electroconductivity, photodynamic therapy, and light-assisted battery. Emphasizing on structure–property relationships and the impact of molecular engineering strategies such as metal center variation and linker modification on charge transport, redox behavior, and energy conversion efficiency.