Bifunctional Fe─Ru─VC Catalyst for Energy Efficient Tandem Alkaline Electrolysis of Hydrazine and 4-nitrophenol.

IF 12.1 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Small Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1002/smll.202507522

Ali Mohammadi,Hanseung Kim,Mohammad Javad Arshia,Soobin Han,Abilash Sedhumadhavan,Reza Maleki,A T Ezhil Vilian,Arun Prakash Periasamy,Yun Suk Huh,Young-Kyu Han

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Abstract

Alternate electrocatalytic reactions can turn pollutants into green fuels, offering an energy-efficient approach. Coupling hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), with 4-nitrophenol hydrogenation (4-NPHR) is especially promising. Here, we report a bifunctional electrocatalyst composed of defect-rich Fe-Ru alloy clusters uniformly anchored on vanadium carbide (Fe─Ru─VC), synthesized via scalable ball milling and thermal annealing. Fe─Ru─VC exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity toward both HzOR and 4-NPHR, requiring a low overpotential of 145 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a favorable Tafel slope of 68.9 mV dec-1 for HzOR, with stability exceeding 90 h in 1M KOH. For 1 mM 4-NPHR, superior Fe-Ru-VC performance is achieved -7.2 mA cm-2 at 100 mV, highlighting its high efficiency. Furthermore, a paired H-cell electrolyzer (HzOR||4-NPHR) operates at only 200 mV to deliver 40 mA cm-2, underscoring its low energy demand. In situ Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of Fe─Ru(OOH) as active sites, UV-Vis analysis confirms rapid 4-NP degradation, and DFT calculations demonstrate enhanced electronic interactions at the Ru─Fe junction, consistent with experimental observations. The outstanding activity is attributed to synergistic Fe-Ru interactions, the presence of zigzag edge defects, and the excellent conductivity of the VC support.

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双功能Fe─Ru─VC催化剂高效串联碱性电解肼和4-硝基苯酚。

交替的电催化反应可以将污染物转化为绿色燃料，提供了一种节能的方法。偶联肼氧化反应（HzOR）与4-硝基苯酚加氢反应（4-NPHR）的应用前景尤为广阔。在这里，我们报告了一种双功能电催化剂，由富缺陷的Fe-Ru合金团簇均匀锚定在碳化钒（Fe─Ru─VC）上，通过可扩展球磨和热退火合成。Fe─Ru─VC对HzOR和4-NPHR均表现出优异的电催化活性，对HzOR的过电位要求在10 mA cm-2下为145 mV， Tafel斜率为68.9 mV dec1，在1M KOH下稳定性超过90 h。对于1 mM 4-NPHR， Fe-Ru-VC在100 mV下达到-7.2 mA cm-2的优异性能，突出了其高效率。此外，一对h电池电解槽（HzOR||4-NPHR）仅在200 mV下工作，提供40 mA cm-2，强调其低能量需求。原位拉曼光谱证实了Fe─Ru（OOH）作为活性位点的形成，UV-Vis分析证实了4-NP的快速降解，DFT计算表明Ru─Fe结处的电子相互作用增强，与实验观察一致。优异的活性归因于Fe-Ru的协同相互作用，锯齿状边缘缺陷的存在以及VC载体的优异导电性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Small 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.