Real-Time Ammonia and Humidity Monitoring with Ultra-Fast Conductometric Sensors Based on Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Complexes.

IF 9.1 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

ACS Sensors Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1021/acssensors.5c01698

Sujithkumar Ganesh Moorthy,Eric Lesniewska,Hong Wang,Marcel Bouvet

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Organic semiconductors such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines are attracting a wide range of researchers due to their versatile electrical properties and sensing performances in conductometric sensors. In this study, we investigate two types of π-extended porphyrins, which share the same macrocyclic structure but differ in their central metal. These porphyrins are employed as sublayers in bilayer heterojunction devices, with the lutetium bisphthalocyanine complex, LuPc2, serving as the common top layer. Remarkably, the central metal in the porphyrin macrocycle significantly influences the solubility of the materials and, consequently, the surface topography of the resulting bilayer heterojunction devices. This structural variation translates into distinct electrical and sensing performances. The device incorporating nickel as the metal center (AM2) demonstrates superior sensitivity toward NH3, with a relative response (RR) of approximately -7% at 90 ppm, an ultrafast response time of about 9 s, and an impressive limit of detection (LOD) of 250 ppb. In contrast, the device that has zinc as the metal center in the sublayer (AM3) exhibits an RR value of approximately -0.9% at 90 ppm, with t90 of approximately 120 s and an LOD of 2 ppm. Both devices are evaluated under randomly varying NH3 concentrations and RH values. The results show that the AM2-based sensor allows real-time monitoring of NH3, while the AM3-based sensor provides an average concentration over time. On the other hand, the AM2-based sensor exhibits slow kinetics under RH exposure, while the AM3-based sensor precisely mirrors the pattern of random RH changes generated by the software, demonstrating its exceptional responsiveness and accuracy in tracking humidity fluctuations. These findings underscore the critical role of the metal center in tuning the electrical and sensing properties of the heterojunction devices.

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基于卟啉和酞菁配合物的超快速电导传感器实时氨和湿度监测。

有机半导体如卟啉和酞菁因其在电导传感器中的多用途电学特性和传感性能而吸引了广泛的研究人员。本文研究了两种具有相同大环结构但中心金属不同的π-延伸卟啉。这些卟啉被用作双层异质结器件的子层，而双酞菁镥络合物LuPc2作为共同的顶层。值得注意的是，卟啉大环中的中心金属显著影响材料的溶解度，从而影响所得到的双层异质结器件的表面形貌。这种结构变化转化为不同的电学和传感性能。该装置以镍为金属中心（AM2），对NH3表现出优异的灵敏度，在90 ppm时的相对响应（RR）约为-7%，超快响应时间约为9 s，检测限（LOD）为250 ppb。相比之下，在子层（AM3）中以锌为金属中心的器件在90 ppm时的RR值约为-0.9%，t90约为120 s， LOD为2 ppm。两个装置在随机变化的NH3浓度和RH值下进行评估。结果表明，基于am2的传感器可以实时监测NH3，而基于am3的传感器可以提供随时间变化的平均浓度。另一方面，基于am2的传感器在RH暴露下表现出缓慢的动力学，而基于am3的传感器精确地反映了软件产生的随机RH变化模式，在跟踪湿度波动方面表现出卓越的响应性和准确性。这些发现强调了金属中心在调节异质结器件的电学和传感特性方面的关键作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Sensors Chemical Engineering-Bioengineering

CiteScore

14.50

自引率

3.40%

发文量

372

期刊介绍： ACS Sensors is a peer-reviewed research journal that focuses on the dissemination of new and original knowledge in the field of sensor science, particularly those that selectively sense chemical or biological species or processes. The journal covers a broad range of topics, including but not limited to biosensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors, intracellular sensors, single molecule sensors, cell chips, and microfluidic devices. It aims to publish articles that address conceptual advances in sensing technology applicable to various types of analytes or application papers that report on the use of existing sensing concepts in new ways or for new analytes.