Recent Advances in Synthesis of Covalent Triazine Frameworks: Methods, Mechanism, and Crystallization Effects

Abstract

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are a class of nitrogen‐heterocyclic covalent organic framework materials based on the triazine ring. They show promising applications in catalysis, gas adsorption, and energy storage thanks to their high specific surface area, designable pore structure, and excellent physicochemical properties. Although a series of synthetic methods have been proposed, the complexity of their synthetic pathways, the challenge of regulating crystallinity, and the ambiguity of the reaction mechanism limit the precise design and performance optimization of these materials. A comprehensive understanding of the numerous synthesis methodologies is pivotal for rational modulation of its structure and performance, as well as for understanding the synthesis mechanism and crystallization effects. Herein, the common manufacturing methods of CTFs are systematically outlined. Additionally, the synthesis mechanisms and ways to improve the crystallinity of CTFs are also covered. Finally, some prospects for the future development of synthetic CTF materials are discussed. This critical review is anticipated to offer a viable research direction for CTFs.