Chronic hepatitis E: The neglected liver killer.

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) may induce acute self-limiting illnesses or persistent infections. Chronic hepatitis E frequently occurs in immunocompromised persons, including organ transplant recipients, HIV-positive patients, and those with hematological malignancies. It poses a risk of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Data sources: Relevant articles published till September 2024 were located using PubMed searches. The further search terms utilized were: "immunocompromised", "solid organ transplant", "HIV", "hematological malignancy", and "hepatitis E virus". A manual search of references from pivotal articles extended further publications. The search parameters encompass publications in English.

Results: The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic measures, and therapeutic modalities of chronic hepatitis E were discussed. Immunocompromised individuals who are infected with HEV are at an increased risk of developing chronic infections, which may progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Current understanding of HEV is still limited, and there is no medicine that specifically targets hepatitis E. Consequently, the prevention and management of hepatitis E continue to present a significant challenge.

Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis E patients need special attention in clinical practice. The relevant risk factors must be identified to facilitate accurate diagnosis and the implementation of more effective preventive measures, thereby enhancing the monitoring, treatment, and prevention of immunocompromised individuals.