Understanding malaysian homeowners’ intention to adopt photovoltaic systems for EV charging: An integrated theory of planned behaviour and diffusion of innovation approach

Abstract

This study investigates the behavioural and innovation-related factors influencing Malaysian homeowners’ intention to adopt photovoltaic (PV) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. Despite Malaysia’s push toward sustainability, current policies treat PV and EV technologies in isolation, missing opportunities for integrated, low-carbon solutions. By combining the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Diffusion of Innovation theory, the study examines how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control impact intention, and how these relationships are mediated by relative advantage and compatibility. Data from 197 EV-owning homeowners were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. Results show that attitude and perceived behavioural control significantly influence intention, mediated by relative advantage, while subjective norms had no significant effect. Compatibility influenced intention directly but not as a mediator. The findings contribute to understanding sustainable technology co-adoption in emerging markets, offering practical and policy insights for promoting PV adoption to support EV charging in Malaysia.