Preparation of W-Cu functional graded materials with continuous W(Cu) composition distribution by a combination method of sedimentation and infiltration

IF 4.6 2区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107449

Ruizhi Chen , Bangzheng Wei , Dang Xu , Changcheng Sang , Kaichao Fu , Pengqi Chen , Jigui Cheng

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Abstract

In this study, a novel method for preparing continuous W-Cu functionally graded materials (FGMs) was developed. The W powder was distributed in layers within a liquid medium based on differences in particle size. W skeletons with a porosity gradient were formed through degreasing, reduction, and sintering processes. Finally, W-Cu FGMs with continuous variation in W(Cu) composition were prepared by Cu infiltration. To further broaden the range of W and Cu composition distribution in the W-Cu FGMs, WO₃ was introduced as a pore-forming agent. The effects of WO₃ addition on the microstructure and properties of the W-Cu FGMs were investigated, along with an analysis of the sedimentation process. The results demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating W-Cu FGMs with a pure tungsten layer using this preparation method, which yields a continuous gradient in composition. Additionally, when 10 wt% WO₃ was added, the gradient range of W-Cu FGMs is maximized, with Cu content gradually increasing from 0 to 45.7 wt%, the relative density of each region exceeds 95 %. The thermal conductivity reaches up to 256 W·(m·K)⁻¹.

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采用沉降与渗透相结合的方法制备W（Cu）成分连续分布的W-Cu功能梯度材料

本文提出了一种制备连续W-Cu功能梯度材料（fgm）的新方法。W粉根据颗粒大小的不同在液体介质中分层分布。通过脱脂、还原和烧结等工艺，形成了具有孔隙度梯度的钨骨架。最后，采用渗铜法制备了W（Cu）组分连续变化的W-Cu fgm。为了进一步扩大W-Cu fgm中W和Cu组分的分布范围，引入了WO3作为成孔剂。研究了WO3的加入对W-Cu fgm的微观结构和性能的影响，并对沉积过程进行了分析。结果表明，采用该方法制备纯钨层W-Cu fgm是可行的，其组成呈连续梯度。此外，当WO3添加量为10 wt%时，W-Cu fgm的梯度范围最大，Cu含量从0 wt%逐渐增加到45.7 wt%，各区域的相对密度超过95%。导热系数可达256 W·（m·K）−1。

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来源期刊

$International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials$

International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

13.90%

发文量

236

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials (IJRMHM) publishes original research articles concerned with all aspects of refractory metals and hard materials. Refractory metals are defined as metals with melting points higher than 1800 °C. These are tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, hafnium, and rhenium, as well as many compounds and alloys based thereupon. Hard materials that are included in the scope of this journal are defined as materials with hardness values higher than 1000 kg/mm2, primarily intended for applications as manufacturing tools or wear resistant components in mechanical systems. Thus they encompass carbides, nitrides and borides of metals, and related compounds. A special focus of this journal is put on the family of hardmetals, which is also known as cemented tungsten carbide, and cermets which are based on titanium carbide and carbonitrides with or without a metal binder. Ceramics and superhard materials including diamond and cubic boron nitride may also be accepted provided the subject material is presented as hard materials as defined above.