Effects of dietary Scote pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzymes, immunological and antioxidant responses to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

IF 3.9 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Fish & shellfish immunology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110899

Morteza Yousefi, Hossein Adineh, Evgeny Vladimirovich Kulikov, Arfenya Semenovna Karamyan, Pavel Anatolyevich Rudenko, Nadezhda Sachivkina, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) essential oil (EO) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immunological and antioxidant parameters, and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Over a 60-day period, fish were fed diets supplemented with graded levels of EO: 0 mg/kg (control; CTL), 100 mg/kg (100EO), 200 mg/kg (200EO), and 400 mg/kg (400EO), followed by an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. At the end of the rearing period, significant improvements were observed in growth performance, feed efficiency, digestive enzymes' activity, and skin mucus immunological parameters in the EO-treated groups compared to the CTL group. The highest specific growth rate (3.7-3.20 vs 2.85), gut amylase (17.0-19.1 vs. 15.5) and protease (5.8-6.0 vs. 5.1) activities, skin mucus lysozyme (23.5-26.2 vs. 15.3), peroxidase (11.4-12.0 vs. 10.4) and protease (17.9-20.3 vs. 13.3) activities, and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels (0.20-0.24 vs. 0.18), post-challenge survival (60.0-66.7 vs. 43.3), and lowest feed conversion ratio (0.9-0.92 vs. 1.18) were observed in the 200EO and/or 400EO, compared to the CTL group. Also, these parameters showed quadratic relationships with dietary EO levels. Additionally, dietary EO supplementation significantly enhanced hematological parameters, including total leukocyte and neutrophil percentage, plasma albumin, globulin, lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total Ig, gut lysozyme, and total Ig, as well as hepatic antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and reduced glutathione (GSH), with the highest values generally observed in the 200EO and 400EO treatments. Conversely, blood lymphocyte percentages, plasma cortisol levels, and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations significantly decreased along with increasing dietary EO supplementation, particularly in the 200EO and 400EO groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that dietary EO serves as an effective feed additive for rainbow trout, enhancing growth rates, feed efficiency, humoral and mucosal immunity, and antioxidant status. Collectively, these benefits enhance resistance to aeromonad septicemia. Based on the results, a dietary supplementation of 200 mg/kg EO is recommended for rainbow trout farming.

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饲粮中添加黄松精油对虹鳟生长性能、消化酶、免疫和抗氧化反应的影响

本试验旨在研究松木精油（EO）对虹鳟生长性能、消化酶活性、免疫和抗氧化指标及抗病性的影响。在为期60天的试验中，分别饲喂0 mg/kg（对照；CTL）、100 mg/kg （100EO）、200 mg/kg （200EO）和400 mg/kg （400EO）的饲料，然后进行嗜水气单胞菌实验感染。在饲养末期，与CTL组相比，eo处理组的生长性能、饲料效率、消化酶活性和皮肤粘液免疫参数均有显著改善。与CTL组相比，200EO和/或400EO组的特定生长率（3.7-3.20 vs 2.85）、肠道淀粉酶（17.0-19.1 vs 15.5）和蛋白酶（5.8-6.0 vs 5.1）活性、皮肤粘液溶菌酶（23.5-26.2 vs 15.3）、过氧化物酶（11.4-12.0 vs 10.4）和蛋白酶（17.9-20.3 vs 13.3）活性、总免疫球蛋白（Ig）水平（0.20-0.24 vs 0.18）、攻毒后存活率（60.0-66.7 vs 43.3）和饲料系数（0.9-0.92 vs 1.18）最低。这些参数与饲粮EO水平呈二次曲线关系。此外，饲粮中添加EO显著提高了血液学参数，包括总白细胞和中性粒细胞百分比、血浆白蛋白、球蛋白、溶菌酶、替代补体活性（ACH50）、总Ig、肠道溶菌酶和总Ig，以及肝脏抗氧化参数，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）和还原谷胱甘肽（GSH）。以200EO和400EO处理最高。相反，随着饲料中EO添加量的增加，血液淋巴细胞百分比、血浆皮质醇水平和肝脏丙二醛（MDA）浓度显著降低，特别是在200EO和400EO组。综上所述，饲粮中添加EO可作为虹鳟鱼的有效饲料添加剂，提高虹鳟鱼的生长速度、饲料效率、体液和黏膜免疫以及抗氧化能力。总的来说，这些益处增强了对气单胞菌败血症的抵抗力。综上所述，建议虹鳟鱼养殖饲粮中添加200 mg/kg EO。

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来源期刊

Fish & shellfish immunology 农林科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

19.10%

发文量

750

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： Fish and Shellfish Immunology rapidly publishes high-quality, peer-refereed contributions in the expanding fields of fish and shellfish immunology. It presents studies on the basic mechanisms of both the specific and non-specific defense systems, the cells, tissues, and humoral factors involved, their dependence on environmental and intrinsic factors, response to pathogens, response to vaccination, and applied studies on the development of specific vaccines for use in the aquaculture industry.