{"title":"A Three-Stage Organism Structure of the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) Framework in Tourism Research","authors":"Yilei Bai, Ivan Ka Wai Lai","doi":"10.1002/jtr.70123","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>As the number of tourism studies using the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) framework increased, it is necessary to understand the structure of the S–O–R framework for tourism research. In the S–O–R framework, the <i>Organism</i> stimulated by travel experiences should have similar elements. This study aims to establish a three-stage <i>Organism</i> structure (cognitive evaluation, emotional feeling, and affective feeling) through a comprehensive literature review of 132 articles. An empirical study was conducted to validate this structure. The results confirm that the three-stage <i>Organism</i> structure consists of six components (image, value, emotion, flow, engagement, and satisfaction). This study offers a three-stage <i>Organism</i> structure for researchers' further studies, contributing to our knowledge in adopting the S–O–R framework in tourism research.</p>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":51375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Research","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Tourism Research","FirstCategoryId":"91","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jtr.70123","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
As the number of tourism studies using the Stimulus–Organism–Response (S–O–R) framework increased, it is necessary to understand the structure of the S–O–R framework for tourism research. In the S–O–R framework, the Organism stimulated by travel experiences should have similar elements. This study aims to establish a three-stage Organism structure (cognitive evaluation, emotional feeling, and affective feeling) through a comprehensive literature review of 132 articles. An empirical study was conducted to validate this structure. The results confirm that the three-stage Organism structure consists of six components (image, value, emotion, flow, engagement, and satisfaction). This study offers a three-stage Organism structure for researchers' further studies, contributing to our knowledge in adopting the S–O–R framework in tourism research.
期刊介绍：
International Journal of Tourism Research promotes and enhances research developments in the field of tourism. The journal provides an international platform for debate and dissemination of research findings whilst also facilitating the discussion of new research areas and techniques. IJTR continues to add a vibrant and exciting channel for those interested in tourism and hospitality research developments. The scope of the journal is international and welcomes research that makes original contributions to theories and methodologies. It continues to publish high quality research papers in any area of tourism, including empirical papers on tourism issues. The journal welcomes submissions based upon both primary research and reviews including papers in areas that may not directly be tourism based but concern a topic that is of interest to researchers in the field of tourism, such as economics, marketing, sociology and statistics. All papers are subject to strict double-blind (or triple-blind) peer review by the international research community.
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