Precipitation Behavior of Sigma and Ferrite Phases During Solidification in 254SMO Stainless Steel: Effect of Ce Elements

IF 4 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Metals and Materials International Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI:10.1007/s12540-025-01941-8

Dening Zou, Miaomiao Li, Yunong Li, Pengbo Hui, Chan He

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Abstract

Different Ce contents added to 254SMO super austenitic stainless steel (254SMO-Ce_x) are prepared by vacuum arc melting method, and the solidification structure evolution at a cooling rate of 100 °C min⁻¹ is observed by high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy (HT-CSLM). The results show that the dendritic solidification structure of 254SMO-Ce_x is significantly refined and the initial solidification temperature decreases with the increase of Ce contents. The addition of Ce element significantly increases the number of austenite nucleation and changes the types of inclusions in the 254SMO. The inclusions in 254SMO are mainly Al₂O₃ and Ca–Mg–Al–O spherical oxides, and the inclusions in 254SMO-Ce_x are Ce₂O₃, and the number and size of inclusions increase with the increase of Ce contents. In addition, Ce element changes the morphology and precipitation mechanism of sigma (σ) and ferrite (δ) phases. Both δ and σ phases precipitated in 254SMO-Ce_x are formed by a divorced eutectic reaction in the later stage of solidification, and are mainly distributed in the interdendritic position and grain boundary of the crystal, respectively.

Graphical Abstract

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254SMO不锈钢凝固过程中Sigma和铁素体相的析出行为：Ce元素的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备了添加不同含量Ce的254SMO超级奥氏体不锈钢（254SMO- cex），并用高温共聚焦扫描激光显微镜（HT-CSLM）观察了冷却速度为100℃min - 1时的凝固组织演变。结果表明：随着Ce含量的增加，254smoo - cex的枝晶凝固组织明显细化，初始凝固温度降低；Ce元素的加入显著增加了254SMO中奥氏体形核的数量，改变了夹杂物的类型。254SMO中的夹杂物主要为Al2O3和Ca-Mg-Al-O球形氧化物，254SMO- cex中的夹杂物主要为Ce2O3，且夹杂物的数量和大小随Ce含量的增加而增加。此外，Ce元素改变了西格玛（σ）相和铁素体（δ）相的形貌和析出机理。254SMO-Cex中析出的δ相和σ相都是在凝固后期由分离共晶反应形成的，分别主要分布在枝晶间和晶界。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Metals and Materials International 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

8.60%

发文量

197

审稿时长

3.7 months

期刊介绍： Metals and Materials International publishes original papers and occasional critical reviews on all aspects of research and technology in materials engineering: physical metallurgy, materials science, and processing of metals and other materials. Emphasis is placed on those aspects of the science of materials that are concerned with the relationships among the processing, structure and properties (mechanical, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic and optical) of materials. Aspects of processing include the melting, casting, and fabrication with the thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling.