Energy potential of cogeneration, sustainability, and environmental impacts of sugarcane biomass in the Nova Alta Paulista region

Abstract

This study evaluates the potential for electricity generation from sugarcane biomass in the Nova Alta Paulista region, focusing on energy and environmental sustainability. The methodology is based on the analysis of secondary data to estimate electricity production, carbon sequestration, CO₂ emissions, and water resource consumption in the mills of the region between 2009 and 2023. The results indicate that the bioelectricity generated by these mills contributes significantly to the local energy matrix, with an average annual potential exceeding 0.8 TWh. Analysis of different scenarios reveals that net CO₂ absorption by sugarcane plantations surpasses the emissions from the mills, reinforcing the role of the sugar–energy sector in mitigating climate change. Additionally, the estimated water consumption in industrial processes aligns with current environmental guidelines, varying according to the efficiency of each mill. The study highlights the importance of modernizing the mills and adopting technologies that maximize energy efficiency while minimizing water consumption. The developed methodology proves to be replicable for other regions of São Paulo and Brazil, relying on reliable national data sources. Thus, the cogeneration of electricity from sugarcane biomass is established as a sustainable solution for energy security and environmental sustainability in the Nova Alta Paulista region.