Small spaces, big impact: Kindergartens as critical nodes in climate-resilient urban green infrastructure

Abstract

In the context of intensified climate change and increasing urban density, green spaces and green infrastructure in cities are becoming ever more critical for ensuring a good quality of life, promoting public health, and maintaining urban ecosystem services. This pilot screening study focuses on an often overlooked but extremely important type of urban green space: the green spaces of kindergartens. These spaces are vital for children's physical, mental, and emotional development. They provide opportunities for play and physical activity, promote cognitive development and learning, encourage social interaction, and foster a connection with nature, while also contributing to biodiversity and climate resilience. However, the extent to which these spaces deliver these benefits can vary. This study aims to systematically evaluate the capacity of these spaces to support children's development and climate resilience, and to identify key design elements that can enhance their educational, social, and ecological value. Qualitative mapping and standardised face-to-face interviews were employed to analyse elements of green infrastructure in 21 kindergartens across ten residential districts in Leipzig, one of the most densely populated large cities in Germany. A comprehensive non-participatory observation and mapping process was carried out, covering elements such as horizontal and vertical greening, planting, biodiversity, children’s educational and play activities, water management, and upcycling. The study also identifies several nature-based solutions that have been implemented, as well as the ecosystem services they provide to the youngest members of society in the face of increasing summer heat. These include strengthening climate resilience, promoting biodiversity, and supporting the social well-being of young children. Based on the study results, a set of recommendations is provided on how to enhance kindergarten outdoor areas with diverse green and blue elements, encouraging conscious and broader use of NBS, and supporting existing sustainability strategies in kindergartens across Germany and Europe.