An integrated deep learning approach for enhancing brain tumor diagnosis

Abstract

The diagnosis of a brain tumor poses a significant challenge due to the varied manifestations of tumors and their impact on patient health. Traditional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) based methods are time-consuming, expensive, and highly reliant on radiologists’ expertise. Automated and reliable classification techniques are crucial to enhancing diagnostic accuracy, improving patient outcomes, and ensuring timely detection. This study introduces RDXNet, a hybrid deep learning model that integrates ResNet50, DenseNet121, and Xception to improve the classification of multiclass brain tumors. We utilized three publicly available datasets which are Br35H :: Brain Tumor Detection 2020, Figshare Brain Tumor Dataset, and Radiopaedia MRI Scans, combining 7,023 MRI images in four categories: glioma, meningioma, no tumor, and pituitary tumor. After evaluating individual models, we integrated them into RDXNet using feature fusion and transfer learning. Our model achieves an accuracy of 94%, exceeding the performance of individual models and mitigating overfitting. To validate robustness, K-Fold Cross-Validation was conducted across multiple data splits. Additionally, Grad-CAM-based visualizations were employed to enhance interpretability, enabling clinicians to understand the model’s decision-making. Using hybrid deep learning techniques, RDXNet significantly improves classification performance and reliability. This study demonstrates the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems to support radiologists, enabling faster and more accurate brain tumor identification, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Our proposed hybrid model, RDXNet outperforms individual architectures in multiclass brain tumor classification, achieving state-of-the-art performance and contributing towards faster, more reliable automated diagnosis.