Spatiotemporal dynamics of cultivated land in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2009–2019): Characteristics, drivers, and policy implications

Yao Cui , Ligang Wang , Dan Liu , Qiaoyang Liu , De Yu , Yanfang Liu
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Abstract

Food security is a cornerstone of national security, with cultivated land serving as the fundamental resource for food production. In China, where cultivated land protection and food security are prioritized, land-use changes have attracted widespread attention. However, rapid urbanization and population growth have led to significant conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural uses, exacerbating the land-population imbalance. Although numerous studies have explored the impact of cultivated land changes on food security, quantitative analyses specifically targeting the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia) remain limited. This study, therefore, focuses on Ningxia, systematically investigating changes in cultivated land from 2009 to 2019 in terms of quantity, structure, and spatial distribution, using land-use dynamic degree and relative change rate, and further exploring driving forces and protection strategies. Results reveal three key findings: (1) The total cultivated land area in Ningxia showed an overall declining trend by 2019, with paddy fields and drylands decreasing significantly while irrigated land increased annually—this structural shift reflects both adaptation to water resource constraints and potential risks to traditional grain production. (2) Spatially, changes were more pronounced in southern Ningxia than the regional average, indicating uneven pressure on cultivated land across regions. (3) Key drivers include agricultural restructuring, construction land occupation, ecological migration, and farmers’ spontaneous reclamation, with the first two factors posing notable threats to cultivated land stability. To address these challenges, targeted protection measures are proposed: strengthening region-specific policies (e.g., water-saving irrigation promotion in northern irrigation districts, and ecological restoration-linked farmland consolidation in southern mountainous areas) to curb non-agricultural conversion, improving irrigation efficiency to compensate for dryland loss, and integrating ecological protection with farmland preservation. This study clarifies the urgency of balancing economic development and cultivated land security in Ningxia, providing actionable insights for policymakers.
宁夏回族自治区耕地时空动态(2009-2019):特征、驱动因素及政策启示
粮食安全是国家安全的基石,耕地是粮食生产的根本资源。在重视耕地保护和粮食安全的中国,土地利用变化受到广泛关注。然而,快速的城市化和人口增长导致耕地大量转为非农业用途,加剧了土地-人口失衡。尽管已有大量研究探讨了耕地变化对粮食安全的影响,但针对宁夏回族自治区的定量分析仍然有限。因此,本研究以宁夏为研究对象,利用土地利用动态性和相对变化率,系统调查2009 - 2019年宁夏耕地数量、结构和空间分布的变化,并进一步探讨耕地的驱动力和保护策略。结果表明:①到2019年,宁夏耕地总面积总体呈下降趋势,水田和旱地显著减少,灌溉地逐年增加,这种结构变化既反映了对水资源约束的适应,也反映了对传统粮食生产的潜在风险;(2)从空间上看,宁夏南部地区耕地压力变化明显大于区域平均水平,表明各区域耕地压力不均衡。(3)农业结构调整、建设用地占用、生态迁移和农民自发开垦是影响耕地稳定性的主要因素,其中前两个因素对耕地稳定性的威胁显著。针对这些挑战,提出了有针对性的保护措施:加强区域政策(如北部灌区推广节水灌溉,南部山区生态修复相关农田整理)以遏制非农业转化,提高灌溉效率以弥补旱地损失,并将生态保护与农田保护结合起来。本研究阐明了宁夏经济发展与耕地安全平衡的紧迫性,为政策制定者提供了可操作的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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