Nonlinear decoupling control for highly dynamic fuel cell inlet gas conditioning

IF 8.3 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151670

Dominik Köppel , Joel Mata Edjokola , Merit Bodner , Amir M. Niroumand , Qingxin Zhang , Johannes Lackner , Stefan Jakubek , Christoph Hametner

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Abstract

Fuel cells in transient automotive applications face highly dynamic conditions. Since the inlet gas states are strongly coupled, safe and precise fuel cell operation necessitates advanced gas control. This paper employs the nonlinear control methodology of exact input–output linearization and a parametrized model to decouple cathode inlet pressure and mass flow. The feedforward control obtains the input trajectories for the fuel cell’s peripheral components to guide pressure and mass flow along independent reference paths. The feedforward control is robustly realized in a two-degree-of-freedom architecture on a commercial Greenlight Innovation G60 testbed, allowing for imposing highly dynamic test cycles. It is validated in several experiments on a single cell, underscoring significant improvements in dynamic gas conditioning compared to conventional control approaches. These achieved testing capabilities are particularly valuable for diagnostics, rapid stress and end-of-line testing, and dynamic scenario emulation, advancing fuel cell development by enhancing experimental investigations during transient operation.

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高动态燃料电池进气调节的非线性解耦控制

在瞬态汽车应用中，燃料电池面临着高度动态的环境。由于进口气体状态是强耦合的，安全精确的燃料电池操作需要先进的气体控制。本文采用精确输入输出线性化的非线性控制方法和参数化模型对阴极进口压力和质量流量进行解耦。前馈控制获得燃料电池外围部件的输入轨迹，以引导压力和质量沿独立的参考路径流动。前馈控制在Greenlight Innovation G60商用试验台的两自由度架构中稳健地实现，允许实施高动态测试周期。在单个细胞上进行了多次实验验证，与传统控制方法相比，强调了动态气体调节的显着改进。这些测试能力对于诊断、快速应力和生产线末端测试以及动态场景模拟特别有价值，通过加强瞬态运行期间的实验研究，推动了燃料电池的发展。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 工程技术-环境科学

CiteScore

13.50

自引率

25.00%

发文量

3502

审稿时长

60 days

期刊介绍： The objective of the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is to facilitate the exchange of new ideas, technological advancements, and research findings in the field of Hydrogen Energy among scientists and engineers worldwide. This journal showcases original research, both analytical and experimental, covering various aspects of Hydrogen Energy. These include production, storage, transmission, utilization, enabling technologies, environmental impact, economic considerations, and global perspectives on hydrogen and its carriers such as NH3, CH4, alcohols, etc. The utilization aspect encompasses various methods such as thermochemical (combustion), photochemical, electrochemical (fuel cells), and nuclear conversion of hydrogen, hydrogen isotopes, and hydrogen carriers into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energies. The applications of these energies can be found in transportation (including aerospace), industrial, commercial, and residential sectors.