An investigation of static, dynamic, and extreme dynamic strain rate properties in binder jetting tungsten heavy alloys

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.msea.2025.149192

Hao Xue , Kai-yang Wang , Peng Xiao , Ding-xuan Zhou , Tong Zhou , Tao Wang , Guang-yan Huang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) fabricated via binder jetting (BJT)—an indirect additive manufacturing technique—versus conventional liquid-phase sintering (LPS) across wide strain-rate regimes. A 93W-5Ni-2Fe alloy printed by BJT with subsequent heat treatment exhibits a microstructure of W particles within a Ni-Fe binder phase. BJT-processed WHAs demonstrate approximately doubled W particle size and marginally higher W-W contiguity (C_W-W≈0.307) than LPS counterparts (C_W-W≈0.291). Quasi-static tensile tests reveal 17.3 % and 4.8 % higher yield and tensile strength for BJT WHAs relative to LPS, yet reduced elongation (24.5 % vs. 39.0 %). The dominant fracture mode transitions from ductile (LPS) to mixed brittle-ductile in BJT, characterized by tungsten cleavage ("river patterns") and binder-phase dimples. Dynamic compression (1000–5000 s⁻¹) indicates lower compressive strength and strain-rate sensitivity in BJT WHAs. Ballistic evaluations confirm comparable penetration performance (within 3 %) between BJT and LPS long-rod penetrators under extreme conditions. Residual penetrator analysis identifies penetration failure mechanisms: mushroom-head segmentation via structural-design-induced macrocracks and adiabatic shear band (ASB)-derived microcracks. This work establishes a foundation for BJT WHAs in the field of impact dynamics.

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结合剂喷射钨重合金的静态、动态和极端动态应变速率特性研究

本研究探讨了通过粘结剂喷射(BJT) -一种间接增材制造技术-与传统液相烧结（LPS）在宽应变速率下制备的重钨合金（WHAs）的力学性能和失效机制。BJT打印的93W-5Ni-2Fe合金经后续热处理后，呈现出Ni-Fe结合相内W颗粒的微观结构。bjt处理的水合蛋白的W粒度约为LPS处理水合蛋白的两倍，W-W连续度（CW-W≈0.307）略高于LPS处理水合蛋白（CW-W≈0.291）。准静态拉伸试验显示，与LPS相比，BJT WHAs的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了17.3%和4.8%，但伸长率却降低了（24.5%比39.0%）。BJT的主要断裂模式由延性断裂（LPS）向脆性-延性混合断裂转变，主要表现为钨解理（“河流模式”）和结合相韧窝。动态压缩（1000 ~ 5000 s−1）表明BJT复合材料的抗压强度和应变率敏感性较低。弹道评估证实，在极端条件下，BJT和LPS长杆穿孔弹的侵彻性能相当（在3%以内）。残余穿透体分析确定了穿透破坏机制：由结构设计引起的宏观裂纹和绝热剪切带（ASB）衍生的微裂纹引起的蘑菇头分割。本工作为BJT - was在冲击动力学领域的研究奠定了基础。

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来源期刊

Materials Science and Engineering: A 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

11.50

自引率

15.60%

发文量

1811

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Materials Science and Engineering A provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to the load-bearing capacity of materials as influenced by their basic properties, processing history, microstructure and operating environment. Appropriate submissions to Materials Science and Engineering A should include scientific and/or engineering factors which affect the microstructure - strength relationships of materials and report the changes to mechanical behavior.