Root exudate-driven mycorrhizal suppression underlies Indocalamus tessellatus invasion: Evidence from field and pot experiments

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY

Forest Ecology and Management Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123189

Zhuangzhuang Qian , Guorui Xie , Qinglai Dang , Lu Qiu , Gang Lei , Bo Deng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bamboo invasion into adjacent native forests poses significant threats to aboveground biodiversity and disrupts belowground soil processes. However, the ecological mechanisms driving Indocalamus tessellatus invasion are complex and remain poorly understood. This study combined field and controlled-environment experiments to investigate the effects of I. tessellatus invasion on plant communities, soil properties, and rhizosphere interactions. Field observations revealed that bamboo invasion significantly reduced shrub-layer diversity (Simpson and Pielou indices) in mixed coniferous-broadleaf forests, while arborous and herbaceous layers remained unaffected. Mycorrhizal colonization rates declined in five native species (Pinus massoniana, Pteridium aquilinum, Eurya japonica, Symplocos stellaris, and Loropetalum chinense), correlating with population declines in four species (P. massoniana excluded). Invasion also intensified soil acidification and altered nitrogen cycling, leading to decreased ammonium and nitrate levels. To examine potential allelopathic effects, we performed a pot experiment with L. chinense seedlings under simulated litter addition, root exudate addition, and combined treatments. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that I. tessellatus root exudates induced pronounced soil acidification, reducing L. chinense height gain by 25.40 % and mycorrhizal colonization by 48.73 %, whereas litter-mediated effects were less substantial. Although microbial α-diversity remained stable, root exudates reshaped bacterial and fungal community composition. Structural equation modeling identified root exudates as key drivers of growth inhibition via mycorrhizal suppression. These findings highlight the critical role of belowground mechanisms—root exudate-mediated soil acidification, mycorrhizal suppression, and microbial restructuring—in bamboo invasion. Understanding these processes provides actionable insights for managing invasive species and conserving biodiversity.

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根分泌物驱动的菌根抑制是板栗入侵的基础：来自田间和盆栽试验的证据

竹子入侵邻近的原生森林对地上生物多样性构成重大威胁，并破坏地下土壤过程。然而，驱动狭纹Indocalamus tessellatus入侵的生态机制是复杂的，仍然知之甚少。本研究采用田间试验和环境控制试验相结合的方法，研究了白菖蒲入侵对植物群落、土壤性质和根际相互作用的影响。野外观测结果表明，竹林入侵显著降低了针叶林灌丛层多样性（Simpson和Pielou指数），而乔木和草本层未受影响。马尾松（Pinus massoniana）、凤尾松（Pteridium aquilinum）、日本木犀草（Eurya japonica）、星形木犀草（Symplocos stellaris）和中国木犀草（Loropetalum chinense） 5种本地种的菌根定植率下降，与马尾松（P. massoniana）的种群下降相关。入侵还加剧了土壤酸化，改变了氮循环，导致铵态氮和硝态氮水平下降。为了研究化感效应，本研究对羊草幼苗进行了盆栽试验，在模拟凋落物添加、根系分泌物添加和综合处理下进行了化感效应研究。室内实验表明，柽柳根分泌物引起土壤酸化显著，使柽柳长高降低25.40% %，菌根定植降低48.73% %，而凋落物介导的影响则不太明显。虽然微生物α-多样性保持稳定，但根系分泌物重塑了细菌和真菌的群落组成。结构方程模型确定根分泌物是通过菌根抑制生长抑制的关键驱动因素。这些发现强调了地下机制——根系分泌物介导的土壤酸化、菌根抑制和微生物重组——在竹入侵中的关键作用。了解这些过程为管理入侵物种和保护生物多样性提供了可行的见解。

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来源期刊

Forest Ecology and Management 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

10.80%

发文量

665

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Forest Ecology and Management publishes scientific articles linking forest ecology with forest management, focusing on the application of biological, ecological and social knowledge to the management and conservation of plantations and natural forests. The scope of the journal includes all forest ecosystems of the world. A peer-review process ensures the quality and international interest of the manuscripts accepted for publication. The journal encourages communication between scientists in disparate fields who share a common interest in ecology and forest management, bridging the gap between research workers and forest managers. We encourage submission of papers that will have the strongest interest and value to the Journal''s international readership. Some key features of papers with strong interest include: 1. Clear connections between the ecology and management of forests; 2. Novel ideas or approaches to important challenges in forest ecology and management; 3. Studies that address a population of interest beyond the scale of single research sites, Three key points in the design of forest experiments, Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 2022-2023); 4. Review Articles on timely, important topics. Authors are welcome to contact one of the editors to discuss the suitability of a potential review manuscript. The Journal encourages proposals for special issues examining important areas of forest ecology and management. Potential guest editors should contact any of the Editors to begin discussions about topics, potential papers, and other details.