Influence of covalent organic framework integrated hybrid PEI membrane on removal of divalent salts-fulvic acid residues

IF 6.3 3区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106416

S.A. GokulaKrishnan , S. Srithar , R. Surya Prakash , A. Infant Ebinesh , T. Raguram , B. Sasikumar , Muhammed Afnas , G. Arthanareeswaran , Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Natural organic matter (NOMs) can form complexes with divalent salts, increasing their bioaccumulation in aquatic systems and posing health risks to aquatic organisms. This study explores the use of triazine-structured Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), specifically NENP-1, incorporated into polyetherimide (PEI) membranes to enhance the removal of fulvic acid (FA) with Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ from saline wastewater.

Methods

Flat sheet membranes (M2-M5) with varying COF concentrations (0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 %, and 1 %) were fabricated by the phase inversion method. The presence of characteristics peaks at 3486 cm^-1 (secondary amine), 1495 - 1349cm^-1 (triazine structure) functional group in the was confirmed, which confirmed the NENP-1 successful embedding in the matrix of PEI polymer. FESEM analysis revealed that the 0.25 wt.% membrane had uniform nanoparticle dispersion and a thin selective layer, while higher COF content (1 wt.%) caused aggregation and dense layer formation.

Significant Findings

Among the membranes (M1-M5), the M2 (0.25 wt.%) COF membrane showed the best performance, achieving solute fluxes of 180 and 190 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for FA+MgCl₂ and FA+CaCl₂, with 72 % and 79 % rejection, respectively. Further, the M2 (0.25 wt.%) membrane also demonstrated good antifouling properties, with a flux recovery ratio of 78.5 %. Overall, NENP-1/PEI membranes present a viable solution for removing NOMs and divalent salts from contaminated water sources.

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共价有机框架集成杂化PEI膜对二价盐-黄腐酸残渣去除的影响

天然有机物（NOMs）可与二价盐形成配合物，增加其在水生系统中的生物积累，并对水生生物构成健康风险。本研究探索了将三嗪结构的共价有机框架（COFs），特别是NENP-1，结合到聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）膜中，以增强Mg 2 +和Ca 2 +对含盐废水中黄腐酸（FA）的去除效果。方法采用相转化法制备COF浓度分别为0.25%、0.5%、0.75%、1%的平面膜（M2-M5）。在3486 cm-1（仲胺）、1495 - 1349cm-1（三嗪结构）官能团处存在特征峰，证实了NENP-1在PEI聚合物基体中的包埋成功。FESEM分析表明，0.25 wt.%的膜具有均匀的纳米颗粒分散和薄的选择性层，而较高的COF含量（1 wt.%）则导致聚集和致密层的形成。在所有膜（M1-M5）中，M2 （0.25 wt.%）的COF膜表现出最好的性能，对FA+MgCl 2和FA+ ccl 2的溶质通量分别为180和190 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹，拒绝率分别为72%和79%。此外，M2 （0.25 wt.%）膜也表现出良好的防污性能，通量回收率为78.5%。总的来说，NENP-1/PEI膜为从污染水源中去除NOMs和二价盐提供了可行的解决方案。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

14.00%

发文量

362

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (formerly known as Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers) publishes original works, from fundamental principles to practical applications, in the broad field of chemical engineering with special focus on three aspects: Chemical and Biomolecular Science and Technology, Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, and Materials Science and Technology. Authors should choose for their manuscript an appropriate aspect section and a few related classifications when submitting to the journal online.