Emerging strategies on structural and constitutional modifications of zinc anode for enhanced performance in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Abstract

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are becoming increasingly popular as an efficient way to store energy due to their low cost, safety and environmental friendliness. Theoretical advantages of aqueous ZIBs are hindered to a large extent by Zn anode issues including dendrite formation and side reactions delaying its large-scale application. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest achievements and prospective advances in the development of anode material for the improved operation of aqueous ZIBs. The review begins with fundamental concepts behind aqueous ZIBs operation with the focus on key challenges that lead to anode deterioration and hence, overall poor performance. Recently, attempts have been made to improve the performance of aqueous ZIBs using various strategies. This study examines effective technological solutions in three main areas of aqueous ZIBs optimization: physical and chemical changes of Zinc anode interface modifications, and electrolyte optimization. There is a lack of thorough assessment of the physical changes of the anode, despite the fact that electrolyte additives and phase interface modifications have attracted a lot of attention and have been thoroughly studied recently. Therefore this article focuses on strategies and justifications for the anode structural modifications that have achieved excellent performance by suppressing dendrite formation and increasing battery efficiency, especially in terms of mechanisms of action. An overview of electrolyte additives and phase interface modifications is also provided.