Real time detection of vanillin food additive using an electrochemical sensor based on MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/ZnS QDs nanocomposite

IF 5.1 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COATINGS & FILMS

Diamond and Related Materials Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.diamond.2025.112884

Balaji Parasuraman , Ganapathi Bharathi , Jeevabharathi Sekar , Pazhanivel Thangavelu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Vanillin (VA) is commonly used as a flavoring agent and is also recognized for its diverse biological activities, such as antidepressant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, excessive intake of vanillin may adversely impact liver and kidney function, highlighting the need for simple, fast, and reliable methods for its detection. In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs nanocomposites was developed for real-time detection of VA, a widely used food additive. The Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs nanocomposites were prepared via a simple hydrothermal technique and characterized using various physiochemical methods. Results obtained from XRD, Raman, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, and XPS results demonstrated that Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs have been formed with good crystallinity, vibrational modes, morphology, and elemental composition. Moreover, the resulting Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrochemical properties, including enhanced surface area, high conductivity, and improved electron transfer mobility. The electrochemical characteristics of Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs nanocomposites are examined by decorating them over a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) conventional electrode and tested it for the detection of VA food additives. The electrochemical oxidation of VA food additive based on the Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs modified GCE demonstrated a wide linear range of 0.5–600 μM, a superior sensitivity of 0.451 μAμM⁻¹ cm⁻² and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 3.21 μM. Additionally, the sensor displayed excellent stability, reproducibility, and selectivity for VA detection, even in the presence of common interfering compounds. Besides, the Ti₃C₂T_x/ZnS QDs modified GCE was used to detect the VA in real samples, such as ice-cream and milk tea, and the sufficient recovery results were obtained. The sample like milk tea and ice cream is analyzed as a real sample with feasible and quantification results which were compared with HPLC analysis. Thus, experimental results confirms the practical applicability of the sensor for food safety monitoring.

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MXene (Ti3C2Tx)/ZnS量子点纳米复合材料电化学传感器实时检测香兰素食品添加剂

香兰素（VA）是一种常用的调味剂，也被认为具有多种生物活性，如抗抑郁、抗癌、抗炎和抗氧化作用。然而，过量摄入香兰素可能会对肝肾功能产生不利影响，因此需要一种简单、快速、可靠的检测方法。本研究开发了一种基于Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点纳米复合材料的电化学传感器，用于实时检测VA（一种广泛应用的食品添加剂）。采用简单的水热法制备了Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点纳米复合材料，并用多种物理化学方法对其进行了表征。XRD、Raman、HR-SEM、HR-TEM和XPS分析结果表明，所制备的Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点具有良好的结晶度、振动模式、形貌和元素组成。此外，所得的Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点纳米复合材料具有优异的电化学性能，包括增强的表面积、高导电性和提高的电子转移迁移率。通过在玻璃碳电极（GCE）上修饰Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点纳米复合材料，考察其电化学特性，并将其用于VA食品添加剂的检测。Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点修饰GCE对VA食品添加剂进行电化学氧化，线性范围为0.5 ~ 600 μM，灵敏度为0.451 μAμM−1 cm−2，检测下限（LOD）为3.21 μM。此外，即使在常见干扰化合物存在的情况下，该传感器也显示出良好的稳定性、重复性和选择性。此外，用Ti3C2Tx/ZnS量子点修饰的GCE对实际样品（如冰淇淋、奶茶）中的VA进行了检测，得到了充分的回收率结果。将奶茶、冰淇淋等样品作为实际样品进行分析，结果可行且定量，并与HPLC分析结果进行比较。实验结果证实了该传感器在食品安全监测中的实用性。

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来源期刊

Diamond and Related Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

14.60%

发文量

702

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： DRM is a leading international journal that publishes new fundamental and applied research on all forms of diamond, the integration of diamond with other advanced materials and development of technologies exploiting diamond. The synthesis, characterization and processing of single crystal diamond, polycrystalline films, nanodiamond powders and heterostructures with other advanced materials are encouraged topics for technical and review articles. In addition to diamond, the journal publishes manuscripts on the synthesis, characterization and application of other related materials including diamond-like carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and boron and carbon nitrides. Articles are sought on the chemical functionalization of diamond and related materials as well as their use in electrochemistry, energy storage and conversion, chemical and biological sensing, imaging, thermal management, photonic and quantum applications, electron emission and electronic devices. The International Conference on Diamond and Carbon Materials has evolved into the largest and most well attended forum in the field of diamond, providing a forum to showcase the latest results in the science and technology of diamond and other carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. Run annually in association with Diamond and Related Materials the conference provides junior and established researchers the opportunity to exchange the latest results ranging from fundamental physical and chemical concepts to applied research focusing on the next generation carbon-based devices.