Quantitative and mechanistic insights into proton dynamics for fast energy storage.

IF 38.5 1区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Nature Materials Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1038/s41563-025-02366-9

Ziyue Li,Yuxiao Lin,Mounesha N Garaga,Steven G Greenbaum,Mochou Liao,Jiafeng Ruan,Qin Li,Yunsong Li,Dalin Sun,Kang Xu,Fang Fang,Fei Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Proton conduction in hydrogen-bond-rich protic electrolytes enables fast mass and charge transport, crucial for electrochemical energy storage and power conversion. Such transport can give proton-based batteries exceptional rate capability and low-temperature operation beyond other working ions. Here we show that in phosphoric acid (H3PO4) electrolytes, vehicular and structural proton transport coexist, and their contributions to conductivity can be quantitatively distinguished. We link structural diffusion directly to hydrogen-bond strength, enabling the precise tuning of proton migration. Guided by this, we reveal a double conductivity peak from regulated structural diffusion. The optimal electrolyte (5.8-M H3PO4) achieves high overall (232.9 mS cm-1) and structural (164.9 mS cm-1) conductivity. A MoO3‖CuFe-TBA battery with this electrolyte outperforms a deep-eutectic benchmark (8.3-M H3PO4), delivering >17,474 W kg-1 at room temperature and retaining 15.1 Wh kg-1 at -75 °C. These findings provide a framework for designing advanced protic electrolytes across electrochemical systems.

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快速能量存储中质子动力学的定量和机理研究。

富氢键质子电解质中的质子传导能够实现快速的质量和电荷传输，这对于电化学能量存储和功率转换至关重要。这种传输可以使质子电池具有比其他工作离子更高的倍率和低温性能。在磷酸（H3PO4）电解质中，车辆质子输运和结构质子输运共存，它们对电导率的贡献可以定量区分。我们将结构扩散直接与氢键强度联系起来，从而实现质子迁移的精确调谐。在此指导下，我们揭示了调节结构扩散的双电导率峰。最佳电解质（5.8 m H3PO4）具有较高的总体电导率（232.9 mS cm-1）和结构电导率（164.9 mS cm-1）。具有这种电解质的MoO3‖CuFe-TBA电池优于深共晶基准（8.3 m H3PO4），在室温下提供>17,474 W kg-1，在-75°C下保持15.1 Wh kg-1。这些发现为跨电化学系统设计先进的质子电解质提供了一个框架。

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来源期刊

Nature Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

62.20

自引率

0.70%

发文量

221

审稿时长

3.2 months

期刊介绍： Nature Materials is a monthly multi-disciplinary journal aimed at bringing together cutting-edge research across the entire spectrum of materials science and engineering. It covers all applied and fundamental aspects of the synthesis/processing, structure/composition, properties, and performance of materials. The journal recognizes that materials research has an increasing impact on classical disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Additionally, Nature Materials provides a forum for the development of a common identity among materials scientists and encourages interdisciplinary collaboration. It takes an integrated and balanced approach to all areas of materials research, fostering the exchange of ideas between scientists involved in different disciplines. Nature Materials is an invaluable resource for scientists in academia and industry who are active in discovering and developing materials and materials-related concepts. It offers engaging and informative papers of exceptional significance and quality, with the aim of influencing the development of society in the future.