Microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZGP-Lpl.19 modulates growth and virulence gene expression of Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022 in vitro.

IF 3.1 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1007/s00210-025-04623-9

Zahra Ghorbani, Mohammad Shayestehpour, Mohammad Esmaeil Shahaboddin, Azad Khaledi, Merat Karimi, Reyhaneh Maleki, Mitra Motallebi

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Abstract

Encapsulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) ZGP-Lpl.19 in alginate-pectin-chitosan microcapsules significantly improved its survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and attenuated Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) growth and pathogenicity through downregulation of the mdoH and IcsA virulence genes. Microencapsulation was achieved via extrusion using a polysaccharide blend, yielding an encapsulation efficiency of 98.44%. Structural integrity of the microcapsules was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Encapsulation markedly enhanced probiotic survivability, with viable counts of 5.37 log CFU/mL after 60 min in gastric fluid and 120 min in intestinal fluid, compared with 2.25 log CFU/mL for free cells. Both encapsulated and free L. plantarum ZGP-Lpl.19 demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against S. flexneri ATCC 12022, with comparable antimicrobial metabolite production. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cell-free supernatants from both forms was 1/8 of the original concentration. Importantly, real-time PCR analysis confirmed that both encapsulated and free cells significantly downregulated mdoH and IcsA expression. Overall, these findings demonstrate that alginate-pectin-chitosan microencapsulation provides effective protection for L. plantarum and enhances its functional delivery, positioning encapsulated L. plantarum as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate S. flexneri infections.

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微囊化植物乳杆菌ZGP-Lpl。19调节福氏志贺氏菌ATCC 12022的体外生长和毒力基因表达。

植物乳杆菌ZGP-Lpl的包封。海藻酸-果胶-壳聚糖微胶囊通过下调mdoH和IcsA毒力基因，显著提高了其在模拟胃肠道条件下的存活率，并减弱了福氏志贺氏菌（S. flexneri）的生长和致病性。采用多糖共混物挤压实现微胶囊化，包封率为98.44%。通过扫描电镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）验证了微胶囊的结构完整性。胶囊化显著提高了益生菌的存活率，在胃液和肠液中分别培养60 min和120 min后，益生菌的存活计数为5.37 log CFU/mL，而游离细胞的存活计数为2.25 log CFU/mL。包封和游离的植物乳杆菌ZGP-Lpl。其中19种对弗氏杆菌ATCC 12022表现出有效的抗菌活性，抗菌代谢物产量相当。两种形式的无细胞上清液的最低抑制浓度（MIC）均为原始浓度的1/8。重要的是，实时PCR分析证实包被细胞和游离细胞均显著下调mdoH和IcsA的表达。综上所述，这些研究结果表明海藻酸-果胶-壳聚糖微胶囊对植物乳杆菌具有有效的保护作用，并增强了其功能的传递，将胶囊化的植物乳杆菌作为一种有前景的治疗策略来减轻弗氏梭菌感染。

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来源期刊

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 医学-药学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

5.60%

发文量

142

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Naunyn-Schmiedeberg''s Archives of Pharmacology was founded in 1873 by B. Naunyn, O. Schmiedeberg and E. Klebs as Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, is the offical journal of the German Society of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für experimentelle und klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, DGPT) and the Sphingolipid Club. The journal publishes invited reviews, original articles, short communications and meeting reports and appears monthly. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg''s Archives of Pharmacology welcomes manuscripts for consideration of publication that report new and significant information on drug action and toxicity of chemical compounds. Thus, its scope covers all fields of experimental and clinical pharmacology as well as toxicology and includes studies in the fields of neuropharmacology and cardiovascular pharmacology as well as those describing drug actions at the cellular, biochemical and molecular levels. Moreover, submission of clinical trials with healthy volunteers or patients is encouraged. Short communications provide a means for rapid publication of significant findings of current interest that represent a conceptual advance in the field.