The effect of impaction on the mineralisation of third molars and forensic age estimation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112650

Sudheer Babu Balla , Sana Hamid Ali , Asa Priyanka Mula , Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla , Merdietio Boedi Rizky , Ademir Franco , Nikolaos Angelakopoulos , Jyothi Tadakamadla

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Abstract

Objectives

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether impaction affects the mineralization and developmental timing of mandibular third molars.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted, adhering in part to the PRISMA statement and registered in The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO: CRD42023454534. Four scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) were used as primary search sources, and one (OATD) was consulted to retrieve part of the grey literature. Methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. Mean differences in developmental timing were pooled for random-effect meta-analysis, and subgroup analyses were conducted by developmental stage and sex.

Results

Fifteen studies were included in the qualitative review, and five were eligible for meta-analysis. Impacted third molars exhibited a statistically significant developmental delay compared to non-impacted counterparts, with a pooled mean difference of 0.8 years (95 % CI: 0.61–0.98; I²= 81.5 %). Methodological quality was moderate to high, though substantial heterogeneity and population variability were observed.

Conclusion

The results suggested that impaction can be associated with a delay of third molar development. This delay was more pronounced in females compared to males, together with variations in stage-specific sub-group analysis.

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冲击对第三磨牙矿化和法医年龄估计的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

目的：本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估嵌塞是否影响下颌第三磨牙的矿化和发育时间。方法：进行系统文献综述，部分遵循PRISMA声明，并在the International Prospective Register of systematic Reviews注册，PROSPERO: CRD42023454534。四个科学数据库（PubMed/Medline, Scopus， Embase和Web of Science）被用作主要搜索来源，并参考一个（OATD）来检索部分灰色文献。采用乔安娜布里格斯研究所（JBI）横断面研究的关键评估工具对方法学质量进行评估。发育时间的平均差异进行随机效应荟萃分析，并按发育阶段和性别进行亚组分析。结果：15项研究纳入了定性评价，其中5项研究符合meta分析的条件。与未嵌套的第三磨牙相比，嵌套的第三磨牙表现出统计学上显著的发育延迟，合并平均差异为0.8年（95 % CI: 0.61-0.98; I²= 81.5 %）。虽然观察到大量的异质性和人口变异性，但方法质量为中等至高。结论：嵌塞与第三磨牙发育延迟有关。与男性相比，这种延迟在女性中更为明显，同时在特定阶段的亚组分析中也存在差异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Forensic science international 医学-医学：法

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

9.10%

发文量

285

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Forensic Science International is the flagship journal in the prestigious Forensic Science International family, publishing the most innovative, cutting-edge, and influential contributions across the forensic sciences. Fields include: forensic pathology and histochemistry, chemistry, biochemistry and toxicology, biology, serology, odontology, psychiatry, anthropology, digital forensics, the physical sciences, firearms, and document examination, as well as investigations of value to public health in its broadest sense, and the important marginal area where science and medicine interact with the law. The journal publishes: Case Reports Commentaries Letters to the Editor Original Research Papers (Regular Papers) Rapid Communications Review Articles Technical Notes.