Effect of Pilates on sleep quality, eating disorders and occupational balance in pregnant women.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Pilates exercise during pregnancy on sleep quality, eating disorder symptoms, and occupational balance.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational comparative study included 120 pregnant women: a Pilates group (n = 60, age = 27.98 ± 3.99) and a non-Pilates group (n = 60, age = 28.90 ± 4.25). Sleep quality, disordered eating, and occupational balance were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ), respectively. Statistical analyses included t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression models.

Results: Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. The Pilates group showed better sleep quality (PSQI: 3.90 ± 1.26 vs. 6.28 ± 2.67, p < 0.001), fewer eating disorder symptoms (EDE-Q: 0.23 ± 0.36 vs. 1.26 ± 0.99, p < 0.001), and higher occupational balance (OBQ: 21.16 ± 1.94 vs. 18.43 ± 3.61, p < 0.001). Regression analyses revealed that Pilates participation was a significant predictor of sleep quality (B = - 1.694, p < 0.001), eating disorder symptoms (B = - 0.965, p < 0.001), and occupational balance (B = 1.550, p = 0.007). Additionally, poor sleep quality and higher eating disorder scores were associated with lower occupational balance (both p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Pilates during pregnancy may enhance maternal well-being by improving sleep, reducing disordered eating, and promoting occupational balance. These findings support the integration of structured, meaningful physical activity like Pilates into prenatal care routines.