Synergistic Enhancement of Cobalt Adsorption by Graphitization and Magnetic Modification of Biochar: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance and Mechanism

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-08570-2

Hui Liu, Chen Li, Zhichao Fan, Zhirui Dou, Beibei Lu, Xiao Fan, Xiaohui Ji, Jinlong Lai, Qian Fu, Songlin Gong, Xinna Wang, Jie Liu

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Abstract

Synergistic enhancement of cobalt adsorption was achieved through graphitization and magnetic modification of biochar derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The Magnetic graphitized biochar, designated MGBC, was synthesized via a one-step iron-assisted pyrolysis process. Optimal performance occurred at 900 °C (MGBC-900), exhibiting an enhanced graphitic carbon structure with an ID/IG ratio of 2.11 and Magnetite loading of 13.80 emu·g⁻¹. These properties contributed to a high specific surface area of 340 m²·g⁻¹ and hydrophilicity reflected by a 32° contact angle. Performance evaluation demonstrated exceptional cobalt adsorption capacity of 138.97 mg·g⁻¹ and 99.10% removal efficiency for low-concentration Co²⁺ solutions (6.981 mg·L⁻¹), surpassing conventional biochars. The adsorption mechanism involved three synergistic pathways: π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions with graphitic layers, electrostatic attraction to protonated functional groups, and monodentate complexation with Fe–O sites. The practical applicability of MGBC-900 was further assessed through regeneration cycles, resistance to coexisting ions, and performance in simulated electroplating wastewater (SIW).

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石墨化和磁性改性生物炭对钴吸附的协同增强：合成、表征、性能和机理

通过对废蘑菇基质（SMS）生物炭的石墨化和磁性改性，实现了对钴吸附的协同增强。采用一步法铁辅助热解法合成了磁性石墨化生物炭MGBC。在900°C （MGBC-900）时表现出最佳性能，表现出增强的石墨碳结构，ID/IG比为2.11，磁铁矿负载为13.80 emu·g⁻1。这些特性导致了340 m2·g的高比表面积和32°接触角所反映的亲水性。性能评估表明，钴的吸附能力为138.97 mg·g毒血症，对低浓度Co2+溶液的吸附效率为99.10% （6.981 mg·L毒血症），超过了传统的生物炭。吸附机制涉及三个协同途径：π-π电子供体-受体与石墨层的相互作用、质子化官能团的静电吸引以及与Fe-O位的单齿络合。通过再生循环、对共存离子的抗性以及在模拟电镀废水（SIW）中的性能，进一步评估了MGBC-900的实用性。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.