Metagenomic analysis of microbial community dynamics in konjac rhizosphere during soft rot disease progression

Abstract

Amorphophallus konjac, the sole glucomannan-rich species in the Araceae family, faces significant yield and quality losses due to soft rot disease. Understanding the relationship between soil microbial communities and soft rot incidence is critical for sustainable konjac production. Metagenomic profiling was employed to systematically characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of rhizosphere microbiomes during disease progression. Microbial alpha diversity (Chao1 index) exhibited a significant peak in the rhizosphere of diseased plants at the mature stage, contrasting with stable diversity patterns in healthy and latently infected groups, indicating dysbiosis-associated richness inflation during disease progression. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed significant divergence in rhizosphere microbial structures between diseased and healthy/latently infected groups, with higher compositional variability observed in diseased samples. At the phylum level, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria abundances in healthy mature plants exceeded those in diseased plants by 11.54% and 4.6%, respectively, while pathogenic Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus microsporus were significantly enriched in diseased mature plants. Correlation analyses demonstrated predominantly negative associations between bacterial species and soil factors, contrasting with positive fungal correlations. KEGG pathway annotation identified carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid synthesis as core microbial functions in the konjac rhizosphere. Collectively, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were validated as putative biocontrol agents, while Rhizopus spp. emerged as key drivers of soft rot development. These findings provide mechanistic insights for designing microbiome-based biocontrol strategies to mitigate konjac soft rot, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional agrochemical reliance.

• Diseased konjac microbial richness peaks; healthy plants enrich Chloroflexi/Acidobacteria.

• Rhizopus pathogens drive soft rot; bacteria and fungi show opposing soil factor links.

• Lays groundwork for microbiome approaches to cut agrochemicals in konjac rot control.