Health Risk Assessment and Source Identification of Dissolved Heavy Metal(loid)s in an Agricultural Basin of Chongqing, China

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-08532-8

Xian Cheng, Yue Mu

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Abstract

In agricultural basins, the dissolved heavy metal(loid)s (DHMs) are usually derived from diverse sources, including natural processes, agricultural inputs, and non-agricultural human activities. Assessing the potential human health risks posed by DHMs and quantifying the contributions of these sources to DHMs are essential for effective water environment management in agricultural basins. This study took an agricultural basin of Chongqing, China as a case study. Eight DHMs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) of river water at 42 sampling sites were investigated. Results showed that while non-carcinogenic health risks from all DHMs were within acceptable levels, arsenic (As) posed a potentially high carcinogenic risk (CR) to both children and adults, with mean CR values exceeding 1.00E-04. Source apportionment using absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models identified three and five potential sources of DHMs, respectively. Despite it is a basin dominated by agricultural land use, industrial activities were the largest contributor to DHMs, accounting for 29.45% of the total, followed by traffic emissions (22.88%), natural sources (19.45%), agricultural activities (15.16%), and mixed agricultural-industrial sources (13.08%). The PMF model demonstrated greater reliability for DHMs source analysis compared to the APCS-MLR model in this study. These findings can provide scientific support for the sustainable and effective management of water environments in agricultural basins affected by complex pollution sources.

Graphical Abstract

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重庆某农业流域溶解性重金属健康风险评价及来源识别

在农业流域，溶解的重金属通常来自多种来源，包括自然过程、农业投入和非农业人类活动。对农业流域进行有效的水环境管理至关重要的是，评估有机污染物对人类健康构成的潜在风险，并量化这些来源对有机污染物的贡献。本研究以重庆某农业流域为例。对42个采样点的河水中的8种DHMs （Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb）进行了研究。结果表明，虽然所有DHMs的非致癌健康风险都在可接受的水平内，但砷对儿童和成人都具有潜在的高致癌风险（CR），平均CR值超过1.00E-04。利用绝对主成分评分-多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）和正矩阵分解（PMF）模型分别确定了3个和5个dhm的潜在来源。虽然以农业用地为主，但工业活动对流域dhm的贡献最大，占总量的29.45%，其次是交通排放（22.88%）、自然排放（19.45%）、农业活动（15.16%）和农工混合排放（13.08%）。与APCS-MLR模型相比，PMF模型在DHMs源分析中具有更高的可靠性。研究结果可为复杂污染源影响下农业流域水环境的可持续有效管理提供科学依据。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.