Income and capital breeding

IF 3.7 1区地球科学 Q1 LIMNOLOGY

Limnology and Oceanography Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI:10.1002/lno.70209

Mads Schultz, Marvin Choquet, Malin Daase, Galice Hoarau

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Copepods of the genus Calanus are key species in the energy transfer from primary producers to higher trophic levels in Arctic and sub‐Arctic seas. The timing of reproduction can differ between species, depending on whether they rely on external energy sources to initiate reproduction (income breeders) or use internal energy sources (capital breeders), or both. The high morphological similarity among species, especially when co‐occurring in sympatry, has limited the reliability of species‐specific conclusions on life history traits in previous studies relying on morphological identification only. Here, we applied molecular species identification to reliably compare breeding strategies among co‐occurring Calanus hyperboreus, Calanus glacialis, and Calanus finmarchicus in a northern Norwegian fjord. Lipid content of adult females was measured with high temporal resolution over an entire annual cycle, and the presence of nauplii was determined for each species. Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis were found to be strict capital breeders, whereas C. finmarchicus acted as an income breeder.

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收入与资本培育

桡足类是北极和亚北极海域从初级生产者向更高营养层能量转移的关键物种。不同物种之间的繁殖时间可能不同，这取决于它们是依靠外部能源（收入育种者）还是使用内部能源（资本育种者），或者两者兼而有之。物种之间的高度形态相似性，特别是在同系中共同发生时，限制了以往仅依赖形态鉴定的物种特异性生活史特征结论的可靠性。本研究采用分子物种鉴定的方法，比较了挪威北部峡湾共生的北极光Calanus hyperboreus、冰川Calanus glacialis和finmarchicus的繁殖策略。在整个年周期内，以高时间分辨率测量了成年雌性的脂质含量，并确定了每个物种的nauplii的存在。研究结果表明，大北风和冰川是严格意义上的资本育种者，而金雀花是收入育种者。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Limnology and Oceanography 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

6.70%

发文量

254

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.