Blunt abdominal trauma: a retrospective study on clinical insights and treatment outcomes.

Abstract

Purpose: Blunt abdominal trauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, predominantly affecting younger male patients. Therefore, a study examining the mechanisms of injury, injury patterns, and outcomes in these cases is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate demographics, injury mechanisms, treatments provided, and outcomes in cases of blunt abdominal trauma at a level I trauma center in Eastern India.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted at a level I trauma center using departmental audit data spanning 18 months (July 2022-December 2023). Data from 118 patients diagnosed with blunt abdominal trauma were analyzed.

Results: The study revealed a pronounced male predominance (6.35:1), with a mean age of 30.2 years. Road traffic accidents were the most frequent cause of injury (56.8%). Only six patients (5.1%) presented within the "golden hour," resulting in delayed interventions. Surgical intervention was necessary in 78 cases (66.1%), with hollow viscus perforation being the most common indication. The mean hospital stay was 10.6 days, and the overall mortality rate was 12.7%. The presence of shock upon admission significantly correlated with mortality (P<0.001).

Conclusions: Blunt abdominal trauma continues to represent a critical healthcare challenge, particularly affecting younger males. Improved healthcare accessibility, adherence to Advanced Trauma Life Support protocols, and timely interventions could improve survival rates.