Evolving Demographics of Head and Neck Mucosal Squamous Cancer.

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma shows shifting demographics, with rising cases in women and younger adults driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) and lifestyle changes. Oral cancers are still the most common in Southeast Asia, while HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers are increasing in the West. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic in Southeast Asia. Aging, better detection, and behavioral shifts shape trends. Survival is improving in high-income countries but remains poor in low and middle income countries, highlighting the need for vaccination, tobacco control, early detection, and equitable care.