Xiaolei Chen, Ping Yang, Yikun Wang, Zi-Jiang Chen, Han Zhao
{"title":"Empty follicle syndrome: underlying etiology and precise treatment.","authors":"Xiaolei Chen, Ping Yang, Yikun Wang, Zi-Jiang Chen, Han Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.molmed.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the use of assisted reproductive technology to treat infertility, there has been an increase in the condition known as empty follicle syndrome (EFS). EFS is characterized by the failure to retrieve oocytes from multiple mature follicles despite normal follicle development following ovarian stimulation. Despite its clinical significance, there is a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date reviews on this syndrome. In addition, the borderline form of EFS, that is characterized by low oocyte retrieval rates and is more common in clinical practice, has not been extensively discussed. This review aims to update perspectives on EFS, and covers its classification, etiology, treatment, prediction, prevention, and prognosis with the goal of leading to better clinical management and future research that improves outcomes for infertility patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23263,"journal":{"name":"Trends in molecular medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Trends in molecular medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2025.09.001","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
With the use of assisted reproductive technology to treat infertility, there has been an increase in the condition known as empty follicle syndrome (EFS). EFS is characterized by the failure to retrieve oocytes from multiple mature follicles despite normal follicle development following ovarian stimulation. Despite its clinical significance, there is a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date reviews on this syndrome. In addition, the borderline form of EFS, that is characterized by low oocyte retrieval rates and is more common in clinical practice, has not been extensively discussed. This review aims to update perspectives on EFS, and covers its classification, etiology, treatment, prediction, prevention, and prognosis with the goal of leading to better clinical management and future research that improves outcomes for infertility patients.
期刊介绍:
Trends in Molecular Medicine (TMM) aims to offer concise and contextualized perspectives on the latest research advancing biomedical science toward better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human diseases. It focuses on research at the intersection of basic biology and clinical research, covering new concepts in human biology and pathology with clear implications for diagnostics and therapy. TMM reviews bridge the gap between bench and bedside, discussing research from preclinical studies to patient-enrolled trials. The major themes include disease mechanisms, tools and technologies, diagnostics, and therapeutics, with a preference for articles relevant to multiple themes. TMM serves as a platform for discussion, pushing traditional boundaries and fostering collaboration between scientists and clinicians. The journal seeks to publish provocative and authoritative articles that are also accessible to a broad audience, inspiring new directions in molecular medicine to enhance human health.