Biological Control of Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica by Antagonistic Fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum.

IF 2.5 3区 农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Mostafa A El-Qurashi, Ali A Almasrahi, Fahad A Al-Yahya
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Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are significant threats to global agriculture because their host range is broad, and therefore, their adverse effects on crop productivity are substantial. Cladosporium sphaerospermum PQ394940 was isolated from egg masses of RKNs infecting eggplant and examined for its ability as a bioagent against the M. javanica. In an in vitro assay, the fungus effectively inhibited egg hatch (95.3%) and increased the mortality percent of secondstage juveniles (J2s, 73.3%) through direct parasitism. Moreover, after observation, the fungus showed a capacity for paralyzing eggs and juveniles under a compound microscope. Fungal culture filtrate (CF) has been examined against egg hatch and J2s mortality. Data revealed that CF can increase J2s mortality percent and suppress egg hatching. In the seed germination test, C. sphaerospermum PQ394940 significantly increased eggplant seed germination compared with control treatment. Fungus has been identified by amplifying ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) using ITS4 and ITS5 primer pairs. A fragment with 570-580 bp was amplified and the result of rDNA sequencing was recorded in GenBank (PQ394940). Under greenhouse conditions, C. sphaerospermum PQ394940 significantly promoted eggplant growth. Moreover, fungus significantly reduced M. javanica reproduction and root galling. Additionally, fungus significantly reduced the root gall index, egg mass index, and reproductive factor. Thus, C. sphaerospermum PQ394940 is considered larvicidal and ovicidal, can also be added to the soil as a bio-fertilizer. As highlighted in this study, C. sphaerospermum PQ394940 will be useful in integrated pest management, improving crop productivity, and decreasing environmental impact.

拮抗真菌球茎枝孢菌对土根结线虫的生物防治。
根结线虫(RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.)是全球农业的重大威胁,因为它们的寄主范围很广,因此对作物生产力的不利影响是巨大的。从侵染茄子的RKNs虫卵块中分离得到球形枝孢菌PQ394940,并对其抗茄子黑僵菌的活性进行了研究。在体外实验中,该真菌通过直接寄生可有效抑制虫卵的孵化(95.3%),并提高第二阶段幼虫(J2s)的死亡率(73.3%)。此外,经观察,真菌在复合显微镜下显示出麻痹卵和幼虫的能力。研究了真菌培养滤液(CF)对虫卵孵化和J2s死亡率的影响。数据显示,CF可提高js死亡率,抑制卵孵化。在种子萌发试验中,球孢酵母PQ394940与对照处理相比,显著提高了茄子的种子萌发率。利用ITS4和ITS5引物对扩增核糖体内转录间隔物(ITS-rDNA)对真菌进行鉴定。扩增570 ~ 580bp片段,测序结果记录在GenBank (PQ394940)中。在温室条件下,球孢C. sphaerospermum PQ394940对茄子生长有显著促进作用。此外,真菌还能显著降低爪哇菊的繁殖和根损伤。此外,真菌显著降低了根胆指数、卵质量指数和繁殖因子。因此,球孢草PQ394940被认为是杀幼虫和杀卵剂,也可以作为生物肥料添加到土壤中。sphaerospermum PQ394940在害虫综合治理、提高作物生产力和减少环境影响方面具有重要的应用价值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Plant Pathology Journal
Plant Pathology Journal 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
71
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Information not localized
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