Chae-Min Kang, Min-Jae Kim, Jin-Sung Hong, Rae-Dong Jeong
{"title":"Managing Plant Viruses in Tissue-Cultured Apple and Grapevine: Strategies for Detection and Eradication.","authors":"Chae-Min Kang, Min-Jae Kim, Jin-Sung Hong, Rae-Dong Jeong","doi":"10.5423/PPJ.RW.07.2025.0092","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Producing virus-free planting materials is fundamental to sustainable fruit tree cultivation, particularly for high-value crops such as apple (Malus domestica) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Given the systemic and persistent nature of most plant viruses and viroids, effective elimination remains a major challenge within a tissue culture-based propagation system. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of conventional virus elimination strategies-including thermotherapy, meristem and shoot tip culture, chemotherapy, and electrotherapy-while highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Concurrently, advancements in virus detection technologies have significantly enhanced the sensitivity, speed, and precision of virus indexing, enabling the early detection of low-titer or latent infections in plantlets cultured in vitro. Besides eradication strategies, increasing attention is directed toward virus inhibition approaches. RNA interferencebased methods and plant-derived antiviral agents demonstrate promising antiviral activity in tissue-cultured apples and grapevines, offering chemical-free and ecofriendly alternatives. These biologically based inhibition strategies are particularly well-suited for integration into existing micropropagation systems. Collectively, this review emphasizes the importance of combining conventional sanitation methods with next-generation diagnostics and innovative biological inhibition technologies to develop robust, scalable, and sustainable protocols for virus-free certification.</p>","PeriodicalId":20173,"journal":{"name":"Plant Pathology Journal","volume":"41 5","pages":"545-565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Plant Pathology Journal","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.RW.07.2025.0092","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Producing virus-free planting materials is fundamental to sustainable fruit tree cultivation, particularly for high-value crops such as apple (Malus domestica) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Given the systemic and persistent nature of most plant viruses and viroids, effective elimination remains a major challenge within a tissue culture-based propagation system. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of conventional virus elimination strategies-including thermotherapy, meristem and shoot tip culture, chemotherapy, and electrotherapy-while highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Concurrently, advancements in virus detection technologies have significantly enhanced the sensitivity, speed, and precision of virus indexing, enabling the early detection of low-titer or latent infections in plantlets cultured in vitro. Besides eradication strategies, increasing attention is directed toward virus inhibition approaches. RNA interferencebased methods and plant-derived antiviral agents demonstrate promising antiviral activity in tissue-cultured apples and grapevines, offering chemical-free and ecofriendly alternatives. These biologically based inhibition strategies are particularly well-suited for integration into existing micropropagation systems. Collectively, this review emphasizes the importance of combining conventional sanitation methods with next-generation diagnostics and innovative biological inhibition technologies to develop robust, scalable, and sustainable protocols for virus-free certification.