[Parasomnias in pediatrics].

Abstract

Parasomnias, from the Greek "para" (around) and the Latin "somnus" (sleep), refer to manifestations that occur in relation to sleep: whether at the onset, during its course, or upon waking. They constitute up to a third of consultations. These events are striking and often bothersome, both for those who experience them and for those who observe them. They involve motor, cardiovascular, or other manifestations, generating fear and/or anxiety when witnessed. Some parasomnias show a familial pattern or are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, appearing in relation to triggers such as febrile processes, medications, emotional disturbances, or respiratory disorders. This can lead to confusion with conditions like epilepsy, necessitating meticulous examination and clinical history-taking to ensure accurate diagnosis. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) classifies parasomnias into three categories: a) Parasomnias related to REM (rapid eye movement) sleep; b) Parasomnias related to non-REM sleep and c) Other specified or unspecified parasomnias. Given the impact of sleep problems on children's development, it is essential to be adequately prepared and informed to address these issues and prevent potential complications.