[Autism. Therapeutic approach and scientific evidence].

Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a qualitative alteration in social interaction and communication, associated with restricted interests and stereotyped behaviors. Before 3 years old, it can be inferred by the lack of social and communicative intention, stereotyped behaviors, poor response to being called by name, poor eye contact, absence of language and inadequate sensory responses. It is often associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, language disorders, intellectual disability, motor clumsiness), neuropsychiatric disorders (depression, suicidal ideation, schizophrenia, bipolarity, catatonia, behavioral disorders), epilepsy and/or sleep disorders. This condition continues throughout their lives, with variations in its evolution. Therapeutic approaches, with scientific evidence, are complex given that they depend on many factors such as age, sex, environment, objectives, associated conditions andunderlying neurogenetic etiology, which can allow the recognition of certain characteristic cognitive and behavioral phenotypes which will facilitate faster intervention. In this work, therapeutic approaches of proven usefulness from childhood to adulthood, prioritizing those that improve communication, socialization, language, inappropriate behaviors and work and social inclusion, were analyzed.