Association between Serum Klotho Levels and Sarcopenia: Result from the NHANES (2011-2016).

Abstract

Introduction: Klotho is a multifunctional protein with anti-aging properties that plays a role in regulating vitamin D and phosphate metabolism. Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength and is an important public health concern due to its negative effects on health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between α-Klotho levels and the frequency of sarcopenia in a diverse population.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 1,250 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2016. Participants were divided into four subgroups based on serum α-Klotho levels. Sarcopenia was assessed using skeletal muscle index and handgrip strength measurements. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between serum α-Klotho levels and sarcopenia.

Results: There was a significant difference in serum α-Klotho levels between patients with sarcopenia and patients without sarcopenia. In an unadjusted multivariable logistic regression model, higher α-Klotho serum levels were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia (p < 0.05). This trend was maintained in the partially adjusted model, indicating that higher levels of α-Klotho were associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. However, the fully adjusted model did not show significance.

Discussion: Several factors significantly influence the relationship between serum α-Klotho levels and sarcopenia, including sex, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D levels, and disease status. Our findings indicate that the risk of sarcopenia is elevated in individuals within the lowest quartile of serum α-Klotho levels. Furthermore, a negative correlation exists between α-Klotho levels and grip strength, observed in both the overall sample and the aging-related subgroup. These results highlight the necessity for further investigation into the complex interplay between α-Klotho and grip strength, particularly in the context of sarcopenia associated with renal disease.

Conclusion: Serum α-Klotho levels in different populations are negatively correlated with the risk of sarcopenia, suggesting that α-Klotho may be involved in the occurrence and development of sarcopenia. Therefore, measuring α-Klotho levels in clinical practice may be a valuable diagnostic tool to identify individuals at high risk of developing sarcopenia.