Peiyu Huang, Yaoming Cui, Wenjing Liang, Li Zhang, Junquan Tian, Liping Gan, Linna Guo, Weiyu Chen, Guohao Yang, Junjun Guan
{"title":"Comparative study on the effects of glutamic acid and glutamine in promoting intestinal development in chicks through energy metabolism.","authors":"Peiyu Huang, Yaoming Cui, Wenjing Liang, Li Zhang, Junquan Tian, Liping Gan, Linna Guo, Weiyu Chen, Guohao Yang, Junjun Guan","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0445","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of glutamic acid (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal development of layer chicks with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 240 healthy 0-d-old Hy-Line Brown chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, each with 6 replicates. At 8 and 11 d of age, all birds (except for the control group) received two administrations of LPS. The LPS-challenged birds were divided into three dietary treatment groups: a basal diet (without additives), a 0.05% Glu-supplemented diet, and a 0.20% Gln-supplemented diet.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LPS challenge induced intestinal injury and suppressed intestinal development in layer chicks, as evidenced by significantly reduced growth performance, poor intestinal parameters, and morphology (p<0.05). Compared to the LPS group, dietary supplementation with 0.05% Glu and 0.20% Gln significantly enhanced average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), body weight (BW), and intestinal development parameters (including length, weight, villus height, villus height/crypt depth) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p<0.05). These results could be attributed to upregulated mRNA expression levels of Mucin-2, E-cadherin, Dclk-1, Vil-1, Lysozyme, ChgA, Lgr-5, Bmi-1, ATP5F1AZ, and β-catenin (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 0.20% Gln outperformed 0.05% Glu in enhancing BW, ADG, and ileum parameters (weight, length, epithelial cell count, and energy metabolism) (p<0.05). Additionally, intestinal organoids supplemented with 10 μM Gln had significantly higher mean area, E-cadherin gene expression, and ATP content compared with those treated with 5 μM Glu in vitro (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dietary supplementation with 0.05% Glu and 0.20% Gln could improve growth performance, intestinal development, and repair intestinal damage in layer chicks through enhanced epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, 0.20% Gln performed better than 0.05% Glu, which may be attributed to superior energy metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Animal Bioscience","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0445","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of glutamic acid (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal development of layer chicks with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage.
Methods: A total of 240 healthy 0-d-old Hy-Line Brown chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments, each with 6 replicates. At 8 and 11 d of age, all birds (except for the control group) received two administrations of LPS. The LPS-challenged birds were divided into three dietary treatment groups: a basal diet (without additives), a 0.05% Glu-supplemented diet, and a 0.20% Gln-supplemented diet.
Results: The LPS challenge induced intestinal injury and suppressed intestinal development in layer chicks, as evidenced by significantly reduced growth performance, poor intestinal parameters, and morphology (p<0.05). Compared to the LPS group, dietary supplementation with 0.05% Glu and 0.20% Gln significantly enhanced average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), body weight (BW), and intestinal development parameters (including length, weight, villus height, villus height/crypt depth) of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (p<0.05). These results could be attributed to upregulated mRNA expression levels of Mucin-2, E-cadherin, Dclk-1, Vil-1, Lysozyme, ChgA, Lgr-5, Bmi-1, ATP5F1AZ, and β-catenin (p<0.05). Furthermore, dietary supplementation with 0.20% Gln outperformed 0.05% Glu in enhancing BW, ADG, and ileum parameters (weight, length, epithelial cell count, and energy metabolism) (p<0.05). Additionally, intestinal organoids supplemented with 10 μM Gln had significantly higher mean area, E-cadherin gene expression, and ATP content compared with those treated with 5 μM Glu in vitro (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with 0.05% Glu and 0.20% Gln could improve growth performance, intestinal development, and repair intestinal damage in layer chicks through enhanced epithelial proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, 0.20% Gln performed better than 0.05% Glu, which may be attributed to superior energy metabolism.