Multifunctional paper-based platform with CuCo2O4 nanozyme and MB/N-Mo2C composites for dual-mode detection of inflammatory biomarkers

Abstract

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a critical biomarker for inflammation, extensively utilized in clinical diagnostics, especially in orthopedics for monitoring inflammation and assessing treatment efficacy. Developing portable and cost-effective methods for CRP detection is essential for facilitating point-of-care diagnostics in clinical practice. In this study, we developed a portable, dual-modal paper-based microfluidic device designed for the selective and highly sensitive detection of CRP in human serum. This innovative platform employs molecular imprinting technology, utilizing CRP as a template to synthesize molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that create selective recognition sites on the surface of the material. The MIPs are combined with methylene blue (MB)-modified N-Mo₂C and peroxidase-like CuCo₂O₄ nanozyme, enabling both electrochemical and colorimetric sensing. Additionally, a rotating valve is incorporated into the device to control the flow direction of reagents, preventing interference between the sensing pathways. Our results demonstrate that the platform exhibits excellent selectivity, repeatability, and stability for CRP detection. Further testing with real samples confirmed the reliability and practicality of this method. This system offers a portable, rapid, and reliable approach to CRP detection, with significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics. Moreover, it presents a promising tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of orthopedic inflammation, particularly in resource-limited environments.