Green disposable rGO/MoS2 sensor for ceftriaxone detection in surface water

Abstract

This study investigates the creation of an innovative, disposable, and economical electrochemical platform for the detection of the antibiotic ceftriaxone. A screen-printed electrode of reduced graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide was used. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed for the measurements, resulting in a detection limit of 0.28 μmol L⁻¹. The sensor was effectively utilized to evaluate surface water samples obtained from three distinct ponds in Bangkok, attaining relative recovery rates ranging from 92.2 % to 112.6 % without any sample preparation. The sensor demonstrated remarkable selectivity for ceftriaxone, despite the presence of structurally analogous antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and cefalexin. The developed electrochemical sensor exhibited good sensitivity, selectivity, and practical applicability for the detection of ceftriaxone in environmental water samples.