{"title":"Reproductive History and Cardio-Metabolic Risk in the Postmenopausal Age.","authors":"Laura Cucinella, Anna Odone, Rossella E Nappi","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811965","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Menopause represents a cardio-metabolic transition, but cardiovascular (CV) health in women is highly influenced by other reproductive milestones and conditions, which delineate a cardio-reproductive lifeline. Reproductive history represents an opportunity to identify women at elevated risk of CV events after menopause, going beyond traditional CV risk factors. This review aims to summarize the impact of reproductive milestones, gynecological conditions, and pregnancy-related factors on cardio-metabolic health at midlife. The main physio-pathological mechanisms likely implicated in linking reproductive events and CV disease risk are described, as well as the impact of specific conditions (early/late menarche and menstrual dysfunction [functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, benign gynecological conditions (endometriosis, adenomyosis, and fibroids), infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and premature/early natural or surgical menopause]). Data indicate that a reproductive checklist in midlife women is warranted for primary prevention and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":21661,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in reproductive medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Seminars in reproductive medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1811965","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Menopause represents a cardio-metabolic transition, but cardiovascular (CV) health in women is highly influenced by other reproductive milestones and conditions, which delineate a cardio-reproductive lifeline. Reproductive history represents an opportunity to identify women at elevated risk of CV events after menopause, going beyond traditional CV risk factors. This review aims to summarize the impact of reproductive milestones, gynecological conditions, and pregnancy-related factors on cardio-metabolic health at midlife. The main physio-pathological mechanisms likely implicated in linking reproductive events and CV disease risk are described, as well as the impact of specific conditions (early/late menarche and menstrual dysfunction [functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, benign gynecological conditions (endometriosis, adenomyosis, and fibroids), infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and premature/early natural or surgical menopause]). Data indicate that a reproductive checklist in midlife women is warranted for primary prevention and intervention.
期刊介绍：
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine is a bi-monthly topic driven review journal that provides in-depth coverage of important advances in the understanding of normal and disordered human reproductive function, as well as new diagnostic and interventional techniques.
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine offers an informed perspective on issues like male and female infertility, reproductive physiology, pharmacological hormonal manipulation, and state-of-the-art assisted reproductive technologies.
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