Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges, advances, and promising therapeutic interventions.

Abstract

Triple-Negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer (BC), characterized by absence of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Approximately, 10-15% of BC patients are diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. In this review, we have summarized the approaches used for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Due to the complex genetic makeup, Triple-Negative breast cancer has high potential for metastasis and is inherently difficult to treat and poses a grave threat. This review analyzes and provides insight into advancements in treatment methods and diagnostic techniques for TNBC. Schiff base compounds, capable of inducing apoptosis in malignant cells, are effective dual inhibitors of histone deacetylase type II and topoisomerase I. Detection strategies like advanced imaging techniques like core biopsy and automated breast ultrasound are important for enhancing TNBC diagnosis and treatment. The progress in developing combination therapies and improving drug delivery mechanisms has to be maintained in order to tackle the challenges in treatment. This work emphasizes the need for teamwork in the development of therapeutic approaches, which may offer new possibilities in the treatment of TNBC.