A Critical Review of Chromatographic Techniques for Impurity Profiling and Stability-Indicating Analysis of Ceftriaxone Sodium.

IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL
Abeer Srour, Basima Arous, Mhd Amer Al-Mardini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: This review critically evaluates chromatographic methodologies for impurity profiling and stability-indicating analysis of ceftriaxone sodium, with particular focus on polymerized impurities that pose significant patient safety concerns.Significance: Ceftriaxone sodium, a widely prescribed third-generation cephalosporin, exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and convenient once-daily dosing. However, impurities-particularly polymerized forms-pose safety risks such as hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. In contrast to earlier review focused on drug determination, this work emphasizes impurity profiling and highlights gaps in current analytical practice.

Methods: A systematic literature survey was conducted across official pharmacopoeias and major databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar) using keywords: ceftriaxone sodium, impurity profile, polymerized impurities, ceftriaxone stability, and ceftriaxone degradation.

Results: Reversed-phase HPLC with C18 columns was the predominant technique (93%), most commonly coupled with UV detection at 254 nm. Isocratic elution was applied in 82% of methods, with acetonitrile as the preferred organic modifier; ion-pairing agents were used in 39% of cases, and 20 µL was the most commonly used injection volume (54%). Only 14% of studies addressed polymerized impurities, with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia uniquely mandating gel filtration chromatography for their assessment.

Discussion: Current impurity profiling strategies have limitations in detecting polymerized forms due to their low abundance, variable polymerization degrees, poor stability, and interference from co-existing molecules.

Conclusions: There is an urgent need for robust, sensitive, and polymer-specific analytical approaches to improve impurity profiling, and safeguard patient safety. Future studies should incorporate greenness (AGREE), risk (RAPI), and analytical performance (BAGI) metrics to identify sustainable and reliable strategies for ceftriaxone impurity assessment.

头孢曲松钠杂质分析及稳定性分析的色谱技术综述。
目的:本综述批判性地评估了头孢曲松钠的杂质分析和稳定性指示分析的色谱方法,特别关注了引起重大患者安全问题的聚合杂质。意义:头孢曲松钠是被广泛使用的第三代头孢菌素,具有广谱抗菌活性,每日一次给药方便。然而,杂质——尤其是聚合形式——会带来安全风险,如过敏和过敏反应。与早期的审查侧重于药物测定相反,这项工作强调杂质分析,并强调当前分析实践中的差距。方法:对官方药典和主要数据库(ScienceDirect、Scopus、PubMed、谷歌Scholar)进行系统文献调查,关键词:头孢曲松钠、杂质谱、聚合杂质、头孢曲松稳定性、头孢曲松降解。结果:C18柱反相高效液相色谱法(93%)为主要技术,最常与254 nm的紫外检测相结合。82%的方法采用等温洗脱,以乙腈为首选有机改性剂;39%的病例使用离子配对剂,最常用的注射量为20µL(54%)。只有14%的研究涉及聚合杂质,中国药典唯一规定凝胶过滤色谱法进行评估。讨论:目前的杂质分析策略在检测聚合形式方面存在局限性,因为它们的丰度低,聚合度可变,稳定性差,以及共存分子的干扰。结论:迫切需要可靠、敏感和聚合物特异性的分析方法来改善杂质分析,并保障患者安全。未来的研究应纳入绿色(AGREE)、风险(RAPI)和分析性能(BAGI)指标,以确定可持续和可靠的头孢曲松杂质评估策略。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
82
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The aim of Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy is to publish novel, original, peer-reviewed research manuscripts within relevant topics and research methods related to pharmaceutical research and development, and industrial pharmacy. Research papers must be hypothesis driven and emphasize innovative breakthrough topics in pharmaceutics and drug delivery. The journal will also consider timely critical review papers.
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