Influence of sex and school education on adolescents' mental health status in China: a prospective longitudinal study.

IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Meihong Xiu, Kun Yang, Lulu Wen, Miao Qu
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Although sex differences in mental health have been recognized, there is no conclusive evidence on the interactive effects of school setting and sex on adolescent mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate sex differences in depression and anxiety in adolescents in school and home settings and to explore possible related factors based on a follow-up study.

Methods: This study was designed for two rounds of surveys, with a two-month interval between each round. The first round of survey was conducted from November 22, 2019 to January 4, 2020 and the second round was from March 21, 2020 to March 31, 2020. 14,241 participants were recruited at school (T1) in the first round and 10,768 at home (T2) in the second round. Adolescents completed surveys at T1 and T2, including the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Logistic regression was performed to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs between outcomes and related factors in boys and girls.

Findings: We found that girls had higher proportions of depression and anxiety symptoms than boys both in T1 and T2, although the rates of depression and anxiety decreased in girls and boys in T2 compared to T1 (both P < 0.0001) (depression: 33% vs. 46.16% for boys and 42.82% vs. 57.15% for girls; anxiety: 19.37% vs. 34.79% for boys and 27.49% vs. 42.47% for girls). The Breslow-Day test indicated that the rate of anxiety symptoms decreased more significantly from T1 to T2 in boys than in girls (OR = 0.450, 95% CI: 0.414-0.490, P = 0.0272). Further multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that high resilience scores and good parent-child relationships were protective factors in the school setting, while emotional, physical, and sexual abuse experiences were all risk factors for depression and anxiety in both girls and boys. Notably, in the school setting, parental divorce was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in boys, having a sibling increased the risk of anxiety symptoms in boys. At the same time, experiences of emotional neglect were only a risk factor for depressive symptoms in girls, and experiences of physical neglect contributed to anxiety symptoms in girls.

Interpretation: There were sex differences in mental health status at school and at home. Girls consistently reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than boys. In addition, boys were more likely to recover from anxiety than girls when school closure and stay-at-home.

Highlight: >Given sex differences in school academic stress, we assessed whether there are differences in depression and anxiety diagnoses among adolescents. >Girls had higher proportions of depression and anxiety symptoms than boys both in school and at home. >The rate of anxiety symptoms decreased more significantly from in-school to at-home in boys compared to girls. >In the school setting, for boys, parental divorce and having siblings were risk factors for mental disorders, while for girls, experiences of emotional neglect and experiences of physical neglect were risk factors for mental disorders.

性与学校教育对中国青少年心理健康状况的影响:一项前瞻性纵向研究
背景:虽然心理健康的性别差异已经被认识到,但没有确凿的证据表明学校环境和性别对青少年心理健康的相互作用。因此,本研究旨在探讨学校和家庭环境中青少年抑郁和焦虑的性别差异,并通过随访研究探讨可能的相关因素。方法:本研究设计为两轮调查,每轮调查间隔两个月。第一轮调查于2019年11月22日至2020年1月4日进行,第二轮调查于2020年3月21日至2020年3月31日进行。第一轮在学校(T1)招募了14,241名参与者,第二轮在家中(T2)招募了10,768名参与者。青少年在T1和T2完成问卷调查,包括9项患者健康问卷、7项广泛性焦虑障碍量表、儿童创伤问卷和Connor-Davidson弹性量表。采用Logistic回归来评估男孩和女孩的结局和相关因素之间的优势比(ORs)和95% ci。结果:我们发现女孩在T1和T2的抑郁和焦虑症状比例高于男孩,尽管女孩和男孩在T2的抑郁和焦虑率比T1有所下降(P解释:在学校和家庭的心理健康状况存在性别差异。女孩的抑郁和焦虑程度一直高于男孩。此外,当学校关闭和呆在家里时,男孩比女孩更容易从焦虑中恢复过来。鉴于学校学业压力的性别差异,我们评估了青少年在抑郁和焦虑诊断方面是否存在差异。无论是在学校还是在家里,女孩都比男孩有更高比例的抑郁和焦虑症状。与女孩相比,男孩在学校和在家的焦虑症状率下降得更明显。在学校环境中,对于男孩来说,父母离婚和有兄弟姐妹是精神障碍的危险因素,而对于女孩来说,情感忽视和身体忽视的经历是精神障碍的危险因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Archives of Women's Mental Health
Archives of Women's Mental Health 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
4.40%
发文量
83
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Archives of Women’s Mental Health is the official journal of the International Association for Women''s Mental Health, Marcé Society and the North American Society for Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynecology (NASPOG). The exchange of knowledge between psychiatrists and obstetrician-gynecologists is one of the major aims of the journal. Its international scope includes psychodynamics, social and biological aspects of all psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders in women. The editors especially welcome interdisciplinary studies, focussing on the interface between psychiatry, psychosomatics, obstetrics and gynecology. Archives of Women’s Mental Health publishes rigorously reviewed research papers, short communications, case reports, review articles, invited editorials, historical perspectives, book reviews, letters to the editor, as well as conference abstracts. Only contributions written in English will be accepted. The journal assists clinicians, teachers and researchers to incorporate knowledge of all aspects of women’s mental health into current and future clinical care and research.
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