Urine organic anion increases with age and its effects on renal acid excretion vary with pKa.

Abstract

Findings of falling urine pH with age among stone formers have not been explained by changes in renal function or renal ammonia production with age. We collected and analyzed 245 urines from 190 stone forming subjects (95 male) and 55 normal subjects (18 male), to expand on our previous study using urine titration to explore whether urine organic anion (Uoa) contributes to acid load and rises with age. We stratified our previous titration protocol to include three pKa subranges: 2.70-3.60, 3.61-4.30, and 4.31-7.40, to measure effects of Uoa of differing pKa values on renal acid excretion. We found that Uoa behaves as a metabolic acid, and associates independently and positively with ammonia (p < 0.001). Uoa in pKa range 2.70-3.60 are the principal acid component, and rise with age (p < 0.001), while Uoa in pKa range 4.31-7.40 seem to reflect net alkali excretion when studied in a regression model with the kidney as a reporter organ. When factored per urine creatinine, we found significant age and sex effects of nearly all components of renal acid-base balance. Effects from subject type (stone former vs. normal) were minimal, though we are limited by the oldest tertile having few normals. As acid anions with pKa within 2.70-3.60 are used in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, markers of acid excretion may reflect mitochondrial abnormalities associated with aging.