Identifying Social Media-Based Interactions That Help Adults to Adhere to Weight Loss Goals: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Background: Social media may support weight loss through online interaction and support, but its impact on interactions, social support, psychological factors, and weight loss outcomes across socioeconomic groups is unclear. This review aimed to (1) identify social support mechanisms aiding weight loss on social media, (2) pinpoint effective platforms and functions, and (3) assess intervention effectiveness across diverse demographics.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted through mid-2023. Studies included targeted adults without psychiatric disorders and linked social media use to outcomes like weight, diet, physical activity, self-management, or social support. Studies not meeting these criteria were excluded.

Results: From 61 studies, informational support was most common (83%), followed by esteem (52%), network (47%), and emotional support (44%). Tangible support was rare due to the need for physical proximity. Informational and esteem support showed positive effects, but challenges like social comparison and negative group dynamics were noted. Facebook was the most studied platform, with higher engagement linked to better outcomes. Factors such as network embeddedness, tailored support, and platform familiarity influenced effectiveness. Only 18 studies addressed social inequality, showing younger individuals and women benefit more from these interventions.

Conclusions: Social media facilitates weight loss through diverse support mechanisms, but challenges like varied platform preferences and social inequality require attention. Tailored interventions and strategies to promote engagement and mitigate negative dynamics are critical for maximizing outcomes.