Green extraction of poplar type propolis: ultrasonic extraction parameters and optimization via response surface methodology

IF 4.3 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

BMC Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1186/s13065-025-01522-1

Milena Popova, Boryana Trusheva, Ralitsa Chimshirova, Hristo Petkov, Vassya Bankova

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Optimizing the extraction of natural products is an important step to obtain products rich in bioactive compounds with less energy use and costs. The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasonic extraction process of poplar type propolis with natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) citric acid:1,2-propanediol 1:4 (CAPD 1:4). Based on preliminary experiments, the extraction parameters solvent to solid ratio, temperature, and time were found to have a strong positive effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds, and they were further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) via the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Solvent to solid ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonication time of 39 min and temperature of 65 °C were determined as optimum conditions for the highest values of total phenolic content (TPC, 290.35 mg/g), total flavones and flavonols content (TFC, 89.48 mg/g) and radical scavenging activity (31.89%RSA). The optimized extract was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a high relative content of valuable propolis constituents was found such as pinocembrin, 3-acetylpinobanksin, chrysin, galangin and phenethyl caffeate (CAPE). The results provide knowledge about optimal conditions for the development of a greener extract of poplar type propolis rich in valuable bioactive compounds with potential application in cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

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杨树型蜂胶的绿色提取：超声提取参数及响应面法优化。

优化天然产物的提取工艺是获得富含生物活性化合物的低能耗低成本产品的重要一步。本研究以天然深共熔溶剂（NADES）柠檬酸：1,2-丙二醇1:4 （CAPD 1:4）为溶剂，对杨树型蜂胶的超声提取工艺进行优化。在初步实验的基础上，发现溶剂固比、温度和时间对提取酚类化合物有较强的正向影响，并通过Box-Behnken设计（BBD）对响应面法（RSM）进行了进一步优化。超声处理时间39 min，温度65℃，料固比为30 mL/g，可获得总酚含量（TPC, 290.35 mg/g）、总黄酮和黄酮醇含量（TFC, 89.48 mg/g）和自由基清除活性（31.89%RSA）的最佳条件。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对优选的提取液进行分析，发现其蜂胶中有价值的成分如匹诺松素、3-乙酰木皂苷、菊花素、高良姜素和咖啡酸苯乙酯（CAPE）相对含量较高。研究结果为开发富含有价值生物活性化合物的绿色杨树型蜂胶提取物提供了最佳条件，在化妆品、营养保健和制药工业中具有潜在的应用前景。

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来源期刊

BMC Chemistry Chemistry-General Chemistry

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

2.20%

发文量

审稿时长

27 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Chemistry, formerly known as Chemistry Central Journal, is now part of the BMC series journals family. Chemistry Central Journal has served the chemistry community as a trusted open access resource for more than 10 years – and we are delighted to announce the next step on its journey. In January 2019 the journal has been renamed BMC Chemistry and now strengthens the BMC series footprint in the physical sciences by publishing quality articles and by pushing the boundaries of open chemistry.